Agent-centric Information Access
On the map: LLM agents and tool use → Web, search, and research agents
Abstract (arXiv)
As large language models (LLMs) become more specialized, we envision a future where millions of expert LLMs exist, each trained on proprietary data and excelling in specific domains. In such a system, answering a query requires selecting a small subset of relevant models, querying them efficiently, and synthesizing their responses. This paper introduces a framework for agent-centric information access, where LLMs function as knowledge agents that are dynamically ranked and queried based on their demonstrated expertise. Unlike traditional document retrieval, this approach requires inferring expertise on the fly, rather than relying on static metadata or predefined model descriptions. This shift introduces several challenges, including efficient expert selection, cost-effective querying, response aggregation across multiple models, and robustness against adversarial manipulation. To address these issues, we propose a scalable evaluation framework that leverages retrieval-augmented generation and clustering techniques to construct and assess thousands of specialized models, with the potential to scale toward millions.
Key facts. Cited by 2 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Placed in Web, search, and research agents, one of 16 directions in LLM agents and tool use. Builds on 12 of its 36 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 26 Feb 2025.
Builds on
12 of 36 references.
References · 12
- 2020Retrieval-Augmented Generation for Knowledge-Intensive NLP Taskscited by 9,297
- 2019BERTScore: Evaluating Text Generation with BERTcited by 5,512
- 2016SQuAD: 100,000+ Questions for Machine Comprehension of Textcited by 4,148
- 2017Outrageously Large Neural Networks: The Sparsely-Gated Mixture-of-Experts Layercited by 3,509
- 2016MS MARCO: A Human Generated MAchine Reading COmprehension Datasetcited by 1,605
- 2023CAMEL: Communicative Agents for "Mind" Exploration of Large Language Model Societycited by 1,395
- 2023API-Bank: A Comprehensive Benchmark for Tool-Augmented LLMscited by 591
- 2017Hash Embeddings for Efficient Word Representationscited by 55
- 2017Quasar: Datasets for Question Answering by Search and Readingcited by 50
- 2022ClueWeb22: 10 Billion Web Documents with Visual and Semantic Informationcited by 20
- 2024Large Language Models vs. Search Engines: Evaluating User Preferences Across Varied Information Retrieval Scenarioscited by 14
- 2024Future of Information Retrieval Research in the Age of Generative AIcited by 2
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Citing papers per year: 2025: 1; 2026: 1.
2 papers.
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- 2025A Multi-Agent Perspective on Modern Information Retrieval
- 2024Middleware for LLMs: Tools Are Instrumental for Language Agents in Complex Environments
- 2025A Survey of LLM-based Deep Search Agents: Paradigm, Optimization, Evaluation, and Challenges