Score-Based Diffusion Policy Compatible with Reinforcement Learning via Optimal Transport
On the map: Diffusion models → Diffusion and flow policies for robotics
also in 1 more
Abstract (arXiv)
Diffusion policies have shown promise in learning complex behaviors from demonstrations, particularly for tasks requiring precise control and long-term planning. However, they face challenges in robustness when encountering distribution shifts. This paper explores improving diffusion-based imitation learning models through online interactions with the environment. We propose OTPR (Optimal Transport-guided score-based diffusion Policy for Reinforcement learning fine-tuning), a novel method that integrates diffusion policies with RL using optimal transport theory. OTPR leverages the Q-function as a transport cost and views the policy as an optimal transport map, enabling efficient and stable fine-tuning. Moreover, we introduce masked optimal transport to guide state-action matching using expert keypoints and a compatibility-based resampling strategy to enhance training stability. Experiments on three simulation tasks demonstrate OTPR's superior performance and robustness compared to existing methods, especially in complex and sparse-reward environments. In sum, OTPR provides an effective framework for combining IL and RL, achieving versatile and reliable policy learning. The code will be released at https://github.com/Sunmmyy/OTPR.git.
Key facts. Cited by 6 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Placed in Diffusion and flow policies for robotics, one of 14 directions in Diffusion models. Builds on 40 of its 48 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 18 Feb 2025.
Builds on
40 of 48 references.
Closest ancestors · 8
Same direction, newest first
- 2024Diffusion Policy Policy Optimization1 Sep
- 2023Training Diffusion Models with Reinforcement Learning22 May
- 2023Policy Representation via Diffusion Probability Model for Reinforcement Learning22 May
- 2023IDQL: Implicit Q-Learning as an Actor-Critic Method with Diffusion Policies20 Apr
- 2023Diffusion Policy: Visuomotor Policy Learning via Action Diffusion7 Mar
- 2023Diffusion Model-Augmented Behavioral Cloning26 Feb
- 2022Is Conditional Generative Modeling all you need for Decision-Making?28 Nov
- 2022Diffusion Policies as an Expressive Policy Class for Offline Reinforcement Learning12 Aug
Other references · 32
- 2020Denoising Diffusion Probabilistic Modelscited by 21,076
- 2020Denoising Diffusion Implicit Modelscited by 9,781
- 2020Score-Based Generative Modeling through Stochastic Differential Equationscited by 9,122
- 2018Soft Actor-Critic: Off-Policy Maximum Entropy Deep Reinforcement Learning with a Stochastic Actorcited by 4,885
- 2013Sinkhorn Distances: Lightspeed Computation of Optimal Transportation Distancescited by 2,316
- 2022DPM-Solver: A Fast ODE Solver for Diffusion Probabilistic Model Sampling in Around 10 Stepscited by 1,979
- 2023Learning Fine-Grained Bimanual Manipulation with Low-Cost Hardwarecited by 1,568
- 2021Decision Transformer: Reinforcement Learning via Sequence Modelingcited by 1,546
- 2022Planning with Diffusion for Flexible Behavior Synthesiscited by 1,061
- 2021What Matters in Learning from Offline Human Demonstrations for Robot Manipulationcited by 725
- 2017Learning Complex Dexterous Manipulation with Deep Reinforcement Learning and Demonstrationscited by 715
- 2021Maximum Likelihood Training of Score-Based Diffusion Modelscited by 672
20 more
- 2021CALVIN: A Benchmark for Language-Conditioned Policy Learning for Long-Horizon Robot Manipulation Taskscited by 584
- 2019Relay Policy Learning: Solving Long-Horizon Tasks via Imitation and Reinforcement Learningcited by 384
- 2023Efficient Online Reinforcement Learning with Offline Datacited by 363
- 2023Cal-QL: Calibrated Offline RL Pre-Training for Efficient Online Fine-Tuningcited by 237
- 2021ManiSkill: Generalizable Manipulation Skill Benchmark with Large-Scale Demonstrationscited by 197
- 2021Conditional Image Generation with Score-Based Diffusion Modelscited by 197
- 2023FurnitureBench: Reproducible Real-World Benchmark for Long-Horizon Complex Manipulationcited by 133
- 2017Large-Scale Optimal Transport and Mapping Estimationcited by 123
- 2024From Imitation to Refinement -- Residual RL for Precise Assemblycited by 90
- 2024Policy Agnostic RL: Offline RL and Online RL Fine-Tuning of Any Class and Backbonecited by 79
- 2023Recent Advances in Optimal Transport for Machine Learningcited by 66
- 2023Imitation Bootstrapped Reinforcement Learningcited by 64
- 2021Score-based Generative Neural Networks for Large-Scale Optimal Transportcited by 60
- 2023Wasserstein Convergence Guarantees for a General Class of Score-Based Generative Modelscited by 58
- 2022Score-based Generative Modeling Secretly Minimizes the Wasserstein Distancecited by 50
- 2016Regularized Optimal Transport and the Rot Mover's Distancecited by 24
- 2022Know Your Boundaries: The Necessity of Explicit Behavioral Cloning in Offline RLcited by 21
- 2023Optimal Transport-Guided Conditional Score-Based Diffusion Modelscited by 11
- 2024Rethinking Optimal Transport in Offline Reinforcement Learningcited by 9
- 2024Automatic Environment Shaping is the Next Frontier in RLcited by 7
Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2025: 4; 2026: 2.
6 papers.
- 2025Long-VLA: Unleashing Long-Horizon Capability of Vision Language Action Model for Robot Manipulationcited by 48
- 2025Diffusion Models for Reinforcement Learning: Foundations, Taxonomy, and Developmentcited by 2
- 2025L1 Sample Flow for Efficient Visuomotor Learningcited by 2
- 2026Reinforcement Learning for Flow-Matching Policies with Density Transportcited by 2
- 2025Iterative Refinement of Flow Policies in Probability Space for Online Reinforcement Learningcited by 1
- 2026WTF?! Simulation-Free Reinforcement Learning with Wasserstein-Tilted Flow Mapscited by 1
- 2026WTF?! Simulation-Free Reinforcement Learning with Wasserstein-Tilted Flow Maps22 Sep 2026
- 2026Reinforcement Learning for Flow-Matching Policies with Density Transport7 Jun 2026
- 2025L1 Sample Flow for Efficient Visuomotor Learning22 Nov 2025
- 2025Iterative Refinement of Flow Policies in Probability Space for Online Reinforcement Learning17 Oct 2025
- 2025Diffusion Models for Reinforcement Learning: Foundations, Taxonomy, and Development14 Oct 2025
- 2025Long-VLA: Unleashing Long-Horizon Capability of Vision Language Action Model for Robot Manipulation27 Aug 2025
Similar, not cited
Close in wording, no citation either way
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- 2026Beyond Imitation: Reinforcement Learning Fine-Tuning for Adaptive Diffusion Navigation Policies
- 2023Score Regularized Policy Optimization through Diffusion Behavior
- 2026Designing Reinforcement Learning for Diffusion Models: A Unified Path-Space View
- 2026X-NavDP: Generalizing Navigation Diffusion Policy to Novel Behavior and Embodiments with Group Q-score Reweighted Matching
- 2023Learning a Diffusion Model Policy from Rewards via Q-Score Matching
- 2026Scalable Maximum Entropy Reinforcement Learning for Diffusion Policies via Adjoint Matching