mlsanityData to 14 Oct 2026

Middleman Bias in Advertising: Aligning Relevance of Keyphrase Recommendations with Search

arXiv 2502.00131 ↗First posted 31 Jan 2025cs.IRcited by 3

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Abstract (arXiv)

E-commerce sellers are recommended keyphrases based on their inventory on which they advertise to increase buyer engagement (clicks/sales). Keyphrases must be pertinent to items; otherwise, it can result in seller dissatisfaction and poor targeting -- towards that end relevance filters are employed. In this work, we describe the shortcomings of training relevance filter models on biased click/sales signals. We re-conceptualize advertiser keyphrase relevance as interaction between two dynamical systems -- Advertising which produces the keyphrases and Search which acts as a middleman to reach buyers. We discuss the bias of search relevance systems (middleman bias) and the need to align advertiser keyphrases with search relevance signals. We also compare the performance of cross encoders and bi-encoders in modeling this alignment and the scalability of such a solution for sellers at eBay.

Key facts. Cited by 3 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 31 Jan 2025.

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