Unveiling High-dimensional Backstage: A Survey for Reliable Visual Analytics with Dimensionality Reduction
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Abstract (arXiv)
Dimensionality reduction (DR) techniques are essential for visually analyzing high-dimensional data. However, visual analytics using DR often face unreliability, stemming from factors such as inherent distortions in DR projections. This unreliability can lead to analytic insights that misrepresent the underlying data, potentially resulting in misguided decisions. To tackle these reliability challenges, we review 133 papers that address the unreliability of visual analytics using DR. Through this review, we contribute (1) a workflow model that describes the interaction between analysts and machines in visual analytics using DR, and (2) a taxonomy that identifies where and why reliability issues arise within the workflow, along with existing solutions for addressing them. Our review reveals ongoing challenges in the field, whose significance and urgency are validated by five expert researchers. This review also finds that the current research landscape is skewed toward developing new DR techniques rather than their interpretation or evaluation, where we discuss how the HCI community can contribute to broadening this focus.
Key facts. Cited by 16 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 17 Jan 2025.
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Citing papers per year: 2025: 8; 2026: 8.
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- 2025Stop Misusing t-SNE and UMAP for Visual Analyticscited by 8
- 2025Measuring the Validity of Clustering Validation Datasetscited by 6
- 2025Metric Design != Metric Behavior: Improving Metric Selection for the Unbiased Evaluation of Dimensionality Reductioncited by 2
- 2026Making Multimodal LLMs Reliable Chart Data Extractors: A Benchmark and Training Frameworkcited by 2
- 2025Dataset-Adaptive Dimensionality Reductioncited by 1
- 2025Visual Analytics Using Tensor Unified Linear Comparative Analysiscited by 1
- 2025Understanding Bias in Perceiving Dimensionality Reduction Projectionscited by 1
- 2025How Scale Breaks "Normalized Stress" and KL Divergence: Rethinking Quality Metricscited by 1
- 2026MAPLE: Self-Supervised Learning-Enhanced Nonlinear Dimensionality Reduction for Visual Analysiscited by 1
- 2025Navigating High-Dimensional Backstage: A Guide for Exploring Literature for the Reliable Use of Dimensionality Reductioncited by 0
- 2026IPBC: An Interactive Projection-Based Framework for Human-in-the-Loop Semi-Supervised Clustering of High-Dimensional Datacited by 0
- 2026A Spectral Decomposition Framework for Multiscale Nonlinear Dimensionality Reductioncited by 0
4 more
- 2026Class Angular Distortion Index for Dimensionality Reductioncited by 0
- 2026Topo-GS: Continuous Volumetric Embedding of High-Dimensional Data via Topological Gaussian Splattingcited by 0
- 2026FADEx: Feature Attribution and Distortion-based Explanation of Dimensionality Reductioncited by 0
- 2026Understanding Differentiable Embeddings Through Differential and Integral Geometrycited by 0
- 2026Understanding Differentiable Embeddings Through Differential and Integral Geometry7 Aug 2026
- 2026FADEx: Feature Attribution and Distortion-based Explanation of Dimensionality Reduction29 Jul 2026
- 2026Making Multimodal LLMs Reliable Chart Data Extractors: A Benchmark and Training Framework29 Jun 2026
- 2026Topo-GS: Continuous Volumetric Embedding of High-Dimensional Data via Topological Gaussian Splatting16 May 2026
- 2026Class Angular Distortion Index for Dimensionality Reduction1 May 2026
- 2026A Spectral Decomposition Framework for Multiscale Nonlinear Dimensionality Reduction2 Apr 2026
- 2026MAPLE: Self-Supervised Learning-Enhanced Nonlinear Dimensionality Reduction for Visual Analysis28 Jan 2026
- 2026IPBC: An Interactive Projection-Based Framework for Human-in-the-Loop Semi-Supervised Clustering of High-Dimensional Data25 Jan 2026
- 2025How Scale Breaks "Normalized Stress" and KL Divergence: Rethinking Quality Metrics9 Oct 2025
- 2025Understanding Bias in Perceiving Dimensionality Reduction Projections28 Jul 2025
- 2025Visual Analytics Using Tensor Unified Linear Comparative Analysis26 Jul 2025
- 2025Dataset-Adaptive Dimensionality Reduction16 Jul 2025
4 more
- 2025Metric Design != Metric Behavior: Improving Metric Selection for the Unbiased Evaluation of Dimensionality Reduction3 Jul 2025
- 2025Navigating High-Dimensional Backstage: A Guide for Exploring Literature for the Reliable Use of Dimensionality Reduction10 Jun 2025
- 2025Stop Misusing t-SNE and UMAP for Visual Analytics10 Jun 2025
- 2025Measuring the Validity of Clustering Validation Datasets3 Mar 2025
- 2025Stop Misusing t-SNE and UMAP for Visual Analyticscited by 8
- 2025Measuring the Validity of Clustering Validation Datasetscited by 6
- 2025Metric Design != Metric Behavior: Improving Metric Selection for the Unbiased Evaluation of Dimensionality Reductioncited by 2
- 2025Dataset-Adaptive Dimensionality Reductioncited by 1
- 2025Visual Analytics Using Tensor Unified Linear Comparative Analysiscited by 1
- 2025Understanding Bias in Perceiving Dimensionality Reduction Projectionscited by 1
- 2025How Scale Breaks "Normalized Stress" and KL Divergence: Rethinking Quality Metricscited by 1
- 2026MAPLE: Self-Supervised Learning-Enhanced Nonlinear Dimensionality Reduction for Visual Analysiscited by 1
- 2025Navigating High-Dimensional Backstage: A Guide for Exploring Literature for the Reliable Use of Dimensionality Reductioncited by 0
- 2026IPBC: An Interactive Projection-Based Framework for Human-in-the-Loop Semi-Supervised Clustering of High-Dimensional Datacited by 0
- 2026A Spectral Decomposition Framework for Multiscale Nonlinear Dimensionality Reductioncited by 0
- 2026Class Angular Distortion Index for Dimensionality Reductioncited by 0
12 most cited of 15 All 15 (JSON)
- 2026Understanding Differentiable Embeddings Through Differential and Integral Geometry7 Aug 2026
- 2026FADEx: Feature Attribution and Distortion-based Explanation of Dimensionality Reduction29 Jul 2026
- 2026Topo-GS: Continuous Volumetric Embedding of High-Dimensional Data via Topological Gaussian Splatting16 May 2026
- 2026Class Angular Distortion Index for Dimensionality Reduction1 May 2026
- 2026A Spectral Decomposition Framework for Multiscale Nonlinear Dimensionality Reduction2 Apr 2026
- 2026MAPLE: Self-Supervised Learning-Enhanced Nonlinear Dimensionality Reduction for Visual Analysis28 Jan 2026
- 2026IPBC: An Interactive Projection-Based Framework for Human-in-the-Loop Semi-Supervised Clustering of High-Dimensional Data25 Jan 2026
- 2025How Scale Breaks "Normalized Stress" and KL Divergence: Rethinking Quality Metrics9 Oct 2025
- 2025Understanding Bias in Perceiving Dimensionality Reduction Projections28 Jul 2025
- 2025Visual Analytics Using Tensor Unified Linear Comparative Analysis26 Jul 2025
- 2025Dataset-Adaptive Dimensionality Reduction16 Jul 2025
- 2025Metric Design != Metric Behavior: Improving Metric Selection for the Unbiased Evaluation of Dimensionality Reduction3 Jul 2025
12 newest of 15 All 15 (JSON)