The Devil is in Temporal Token: High Quality Video Reasoning Segmentation
On the map: LLM reasoning → Multimodal reasoning
Abstract (arXiv)
Existing methods for Video Reasoning Segmentation rely heavily on a single special token to represent the object in the keyframe or the entire video, inadequately capturing spatial complexity and inter-frame motion. To overcome these challenges, we propose VRS-HQ, an end-to-end video reasoning segmentation approach that leverages Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) to inject rich spatiotemporal features into hierarchical tokens.Our key innovations include a Temporal Dynamic Aggregation (TDA) and a Token-driven Keyframe Selection (TKS). Specifically, we design frame-level <SEG> and temporal-level <TAK> tokens that utilize MLLM's autoregressive learning to effectively capture both local and global information. Subsequently, we apply a similarity-based weighted fusion and frame selection strategy, then utilize SAM2 to perform keyframe segmentation and propagation. To enhance keyframe localization accuracy, the TKS filters keyframes based on SAM2's occlusion scores during inference. VRS-HQ achieves state-of-the-art performance on ReVOS, surpassing VISA by 5.9%/12.5%/9.1% in J&F scores across the three subsets. These results highlight the strong temporal reasoning and segmentation capabilities of our method. Code and model weights will be released at VRS-HQ.
Key facts. Cited by 26 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Placed in Multimodal reasoning, one of 17 directions in LLM reasoning. Builds on 42 of its 51 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 15 Jan 2025.
Builds on
42 of 51 references.
Closest ancestors · 7
Same direction, newest first
- 2024One Token to Seg Them All: Language Instructed Reasoning Segmentation in Videos29 Sep
- 2024ViLLa: Video Reasoning Segmentation with Large Language Model18 Jul
- 2024VISA: Reasoning Video Object Segmentation via Large Language Models16 Jul
- 2023Tracking with Human-Intent Reasoning29 Dec
- 2023LISA++: An Improved Baseline for Reasoning Segmentation with Large Language Model28 Dec
- 2023PixelLM: Pixel Reasoning with Large Multimodal Model4 Dec
- 2023LISA: Reasoning Segmentation via Large Language Model1 Aug
Other references · 35
- 2021Learning Transferable Visual Models From Natural Language Supervisioncited by 33,456
- 2021LoRA: Low-Rank Adaptation of Large Language Modelscited by 14,084
- 2023Segment Anythingcited by 8,158
- 2023Visual Instruction Tuningcited by 7,792
- 2020End-to-End Object Detection with Transformerscited by 7,384
- 2023BLIP-2: Bootstrapping Language-Image Pre-training with Frozen Image Encoders and Large Language Modelscited by 6,069
- 2024SAM 2: Segment Anything in Images and Videoscited by 2,784
- 2019Generalized Intersection over Union: A Metric and A Loss for Bounding Box Regressioncited by 1,361
- 2023Video-ChatGPT: Towards Detailed Video Understanding via Large Vision and Language Modelscited by 1,047
- 2017The 2017 DAVIS Challenge on Video Object Segmentationcited by 942
- 2015Generation and Comprehension of Unambiguous Object Descriptionscited by 897
- 2016COCO-Stuff: Thing and Stuff Classes in Contextcited by 858
23 more
- 2023Segment Everything Everywhere All at Oncecited by 546
- 2023LLaMA-VID: An Image is Worth 2 Tokens in Large Language Modelscited by 539
- 2019Distance-IoU Loss: Faster and Better Learning for Bounding Box Regressioncited by 454
- 2023GLaMM: Pixel Grounding Large Multimodal Modelcited by 447
- 2022XMem: Long-Term Video Object Segmentation with an Atkinson-Shiffrin Memory Modelcited by 436
- 2023Chat-UniVi: Unified Visual Representation Empowers Large Language Models with Image and Video Understandingcited by 368
- 2021CRIS: CLIP-Driven Referring Image Segmentationcited by 353
- 2021LAVT: Language-Aware Vision Transformer for Referring Image Segmentationcited by 347
- 2022Generalized Decoding for Pixel, Image, and Languagecited by 292
- 2023GRES: Generalized Referring Expression Segmentationcited by 252
- 2014Detect What You Can: Detecting and Representing Objects using Holistic Models and Body Partscited by 230
- 2023MeViS: A Large-scale Benchmark for Video Segmentation with Motion Expressionscited by 225
- 2022Language as Queries for Referring Video Object Segmentationcited by 180
- 2023GSVA: Generalized Segmentation via Multimodal Large Language Modelscited by 153
- 2023PACO: Parts and Attributes of Common Objectscited by 146
- 2021End-to-End Referring Video Object Segmentation with Multimodal Transformerscited by 135
- 2023OnlineRefer: A Simple Online Baseline for Referring Video Object Segmentationcited by 62
- 2024Decoupling Static and Hierarchical Motion Perception for Referring Video Segmentationcited by 55
- 2023Referred by Multi-Modality: A Unified Temporal Transformer for Video Object Segmentationcited by 54
- 2024Multi-modal Instruction Tuned LLMs with Fine-grained Visual Perceptioncited by 39
- 2021Collaborative Spatial-Temporal Modeling for Language-Queried Video Actor Segmentationcited by 32
- 2023PanoVOS: Bridging Non-panoramic and Panoramic Views with Transformer for Video Segmentationcited by 18
- 2025AVS-Mamba: Exploring Temporal and Multi-modal Mamba for Audio-Visual Segmentationcited by 15
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Citing papers per year: 2025: 11; 2026: 15.
26 papers.
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- 2025Multimodal Referring Segmentation: A Surveycited by 22
- 2025Reinforcing Video Reasoning Segmentation to Think Before It Segmentscited by 15
- 2025Reasoning Segmentation for Images and Videos: A Surveycited by 12
- 2025Unlocking the Potential of MLLMs in Referring Expression Segmentation via a Light-weight Mask Decodercited by 7
- 2026Refer-Agent: A Collaborative Multi-Agent System with Reasoning and Reflection for Referring Video Object Segmentationcited by 7
- 2026LMMs Meet Object-Centric Vision: Understanding, Segmentation, Editing and Generationcited by 6
- 2026VideoLoom: A Video Large Language Model for Joint Spatial-Temporal Understandingcited by 5
- 2025MomentSeg: Moment-Centric Sampling for Enhanced Video Pixel Understandingcited by 4
- 2025X-ReID: Multi-granularity Information Interaction for Video-Based Visible-Infrared Person Re-Identificationcited by 4
- 2025ReaMOT: A Benchmark and Framework for Reasoning-based Multi-Object Trackingcited by 3
- 2025A Comprehensive Survey on Video Scene Parsing:Advances, Challenges, and Prospectscited by 2
- 2025Point Linguist Model: Segment Any Object via Bridged Large 3D-Language Modelcited by 2
14 more
- 2026SetCon: Towards Open-Ended Referring Segmentation via Set-Level Concept Predictioncited by 2
- 2025Decomposed Attention Fusion in MLLMs for Training-Free Video Reasoning Segmentationcited by 1
- 2026SAM3-DMS: Decoupled Memory Selection for Multi-target Video Segmentation of SAM3cited by 1
- 2026VIRST: Video-Instructed Reasoning Assistant for SpatioTemporal Segmentationcited by 1
- 2025Temporal Grounding as a Learning Signal for Referring Video Object Segmentationcited by 0
- 2026Mastering Negation: Boosting Grounding Models via Grouped Opposition-Based Learningcited by 0
- 2026Show Me When and Where: Towards Referring Video Object Segmentation in the Wildcited by 0
- 2026Online Reasoning Video Object Segmentationcited by 0
- 2026VideoSEG-O3: A Multi-turn Reinforcement Learning Framework for Reasoning Video Object Segmentationcited by 0
- 2026FeVOS: Foresight Expression Video Object Segmentationcited by 0
- 2026From Structure to Synergy: A Survey of Vision-Language Perception Paradigm Evolution in Multimodal Large Language Modelscited by 0
- 2026Event-Aware Instructed Assistant for Referring Video Segmentationcited by 0
- 2026SIRA: Reasoning-Aware Surgical Instrument Segmentation via Query-Anchored Alignmentcited by 0
- 2026MoVISA: Multi-Token Reasoning for Video Object Segmentationcited by 0
- 2026MoVISA: Multi-Token Reasoning for Video Object Segmentation24 Sep 2026
- 2026SIRA: Reasoning-Aware Surgical Instrument Segmentation via Query-Anchored Alignment18 Sep 2026
- 2026Event-Aware Instructed Assistant for Referring Video Segmentation25 Jun 2026
- 2026From Structure to Synergy: A Survey of Vision-Language Perception Paradigm Evolution in Multimodal Large Language Models24 Jun 2026
- 2026FeVOS: Foresight Expression Video Object Segmentation24 Jun 2026
- 2026VideoSEG-O3: A Multi-turn Reinforcement Learning Framework for Reasoning Video Object Segmentation5 Jun 2026
- 2026SetCon: Towards Open-Ended Referring Segmentation via Set-Level Concept Prediction19 May 2026
- 2026LMMs Meet Object-Centric Vision: Understanding, Segmentation, Editing and Generation13 Apr 2026
- 2026Online Reasoning Video Object Segmentation13 Apr 2026
- 2026VIRST: Video-Instructed Reasoning Assistant for SpatioTemporal Segmentation28 Mar 2026
- 2026Show Me When and Where: Towards Referring Video Object Segmentation in the Wild15 Mar 2026
- 2026Mastering Negation: Boosting Grounding Models via Grouped Opposition-Based Learning13 Mar 2026
14 more
- 2026Refer-Agent: A Collaborative Multi-Agent System with Reasoning and Reflection for Referring Video Object Segmentation3 Feb 2026
- 2026SAM3-DMS: Decoupled Memory Selection for Multi-target Video Segmentation of SAM314 Jan 2026
- 2026VideoLoom: A Video Large Language Model for Joint Spatial-Temporal Understanding12 Jan 2026
- 2025X-ReID: Multi-granularity Information Interaction for Video-Based Visible-Infrared Person Re-Identification22 Nov 2025
- 2025Decomposed Attention Fusion in MLLMs for Training-Free Video Reasoning Segmentation22 Oct 2025
- 2025MomentSeg: Moment-Centric Sampling for Enhanced Video Pixel Understanding10 Oct 2025
- 2025Point Linguist Model: Segment Any Object via Bridged Large 3D-Language Model9 Sep 2025
- 2025Temporal Grounding as a Learning Signal for Referring Video Object Segmentation16 Aug 2025
- 2025Reinforcing Video Reasoning Segmentation to Think Before It Segments15 Aug 2025
- 2025Unlocking the Potential of MLLMs in Referring Expression Segmentation via a Light-weight Mask Decoder6 Aug 2025
- 2025Multimodal Referring Segmentation: A Survey1 Aug 2025
- 2025A Comprehensive Survey on Video Scene Parsing:Advances, Challenges, and Prospects16 Jun 2025
- 2025ReaMOT: A Benchmark and Framework for Reasoning-based Multi-Object Tracking26 May 2025
- 2025Reasoning Segmentation for Images and Videos: A Survey24 May 2025
- 2025Reinforcing Video Reasoning Segmentation to Think Before It Segmentscited by 15
- 2026Refer-Agent: A Collaborative Multi-Agent System with Reasoning and Reflection for Referring Video Object Segmentationcited by 7
- 2026LMMs Meet Object-Centric Vision: Understanding, Segmentation, Editing and Generationcited by 6
- 2025MomentSeg: Moment-Centric Sampling for Enhanced Video Pixel Understandingcited by 4
- 2025ReaMOT: A Benchmark and Framework for Reasoning-based Multi-Object Trackingcited by 3
- 2025Decomposed Attention Fusion in MLLMs for Training-Free Video Reasoning Segmentationcited by 1
- 2026VIRST: Video-Instructed Reasoning Assistant for SpatioTemporal Segmentationcited by 1
- 2026FeVOS: Foresight Expression Video Object Segmentationcited by 0
- 2026MoVISA: Multi-Token Reasoning for Video Object Segmentationcited by 0
- 2026MoVISA: Multi-Token Reasoning for Video Object Segmentation24 Sep 2026
- 2026FeVOS: Foresight Expression Video Object Segmentation24 Jun 2026
- 2026LMMs Meet Object-Centric Vision: Understanding, Segmentation, Editing and Generation13 Apr 2026
- 2026VIRST: Video-Instructed Reasoning Assistant for SpatioTemporal Segmentation28 Mar 2026
- 2026Refer-Agent: A Collaborative Multi-Agent System with Reasoning and Reflection for Referring Video Object Segmentation3 Feb 2026
- 2025Decomposed Attention Fusion in MLLMs for Training-Free Video Reasoning Segmentation22 Oct 2025
- 2025MomentSeg: Moment-Centric Sampling for Enhanced Video Pixel Understanding10 Oct 2025
- 2025Reinforcing Video Reasoning Segmentation to Think Before It Segments15 Aug 2025
- 2025ReaMOT: A Benchmark and Framework for Reasoning-based Multi-Object Tracking26 May 2025
- 2025Multimodal Referring Segmentation: A Surveycited by 22
- 2025Reasoning Segmentation for Images and Videos: A Surveycited by 12
- 2025Unlocking the Potential of MLLMs in Referring Expression Segmentation via a Light-weight Mask Decodercited by 7
- 2026VideoLoom: A Video Large Language Model for Joint Spatial-Temporal Understandingcited by 5
- 2025A Comprehensive Survey on Video Scene Parsing:Advances, Challenges, and Prospectscited by 2
- 2025Point Linguist Model: Segment Any Object via Bridged Large 3D-Language Modelcited by 2
- 2026SetCon: Towards Open-Ended Referring Segmentation via Set-Level Concept Predictioncited by 2
- 2026SAM3-DMS: Decoupled Memory Selection for Multi-target Video Segmentation of SAM3cited by 1
- 2025Temporal Grounding as a Learning Signal for Referring Video Object Segmentationcited by 0
- 2026Mastering Negation: Boosting Grounding Models via Grouped Opposition-Based Learningcited by 0
- 2026Show Me When and Where: Towards Referring Video Object Segmentation in the Wildcited by 0
- 2026Online Reasoning Video Object Segmentationcited by 0
12 most cited of 15 All 15 (JSON)
- 2026SIRA: Reasoning-Aware Surgical Instrument Segmentation via Query-Anchored Alignment18 Sep 2026
- 2026Event-Aware Instructed Assistant for Referring Video Segmentation25 Jun 2026
- 2026VideoSEG-O3: A Multi-turn Reinforcement Learning Framework for Reasoning Video Object Segmentation5 Jun 2026
- 2026SetCon: Towards Open-Ended Referring Segmentation via Set-Level Concept Prediction19 May 2026
- 2026Online Reasoning Video Object Segmentation13 Apr 2026
- 2026Show Me When and Where: Towards Referring Video Object Segmentation in the Wild15 Mar 2026
- 2026Mastering Negation: Boosting Grounding Models via Grouped Opposition-Based Learning13 Mar 2026
- 2026SAM3-DMS: Decoupled Memory Selection for Multi-target Video Segmentation of SAM314 Jan 2026
- 2026VideoLoom: A Video Large Language Model for Joint Spatial-Temporal Understanding12 Jan 2026
- 2025Point Linguist Model: Segment Any Object via Bridged Large 3D-Language Model9 Sep 2025
- 2025Temporal Grounding as a Learning Signal for Referring Video Object Segmentation16 Aug 2025
- 2025Unlocking the Potential of MLLMs in Referring Expression Segmentation via a Light-weight Mask Decoder6 Aug 2025
12 newest of 15 All 15 (JSON)
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