MIRAGE: Exploring How Large Language Models Perform in Complex Social Interactive Environments
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Abstract (arXiv)
Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown remarkable capabilities in environmental perception, reasoning-based decision-making, and simulating complex human behaviors, particularly in interactive role-playing contexts. This paper introduces the Multiverse Interactive Role-play Ability General Evaluation (MIRAGE), a comprehensive framework designed to assess LLMs' proficiency in portraying advanced human behaviors through murder mystery games. MIRAGE features eight intricately crafted scripts encompassing diverse themes and styles, providing a rich simulation. To evaluate LLMs' performance, MIRAGE employs four distinct methods: the Trust Inclination Index (TII) to measure dynamics of trust and suspicion, the Clue Investigation Capability (CIC) to measure LLMs' capability of conducting information, the Interactivity Capability Index (ICI) to assess role-playing capabilities and the Script Compliance Index (SCI) to assess LLMs' capability of understanding and following instructions. Our experiments indicate that even popular models like GPT-4 face significant challenges in navigating the complexities presented by the MIRAGE. The datasets and simulation codes are available in hrefhttps://github.com/lime728/MIRAGEgithub.
Key facts. Cited by 6 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 12 of its 19 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 3 Jan 2025.
Builds on
12 of 19 references.
References · 12
- 2023Generative Agents: Interactive Simulacra of Human Behaviorcited by 3,577
- 2023The Rise and Potential of Large Language Model Based Agents: A Surveycited by 1,445
- 2023Exploring Large Language Models for Communication Games: An Empirical Study on Werewolfcited by 245
- 2024From Persona to Personalization: A Survey on Role-Playing Language Agentscited by 214
- 2023Language Agents with Reinforcement Learning for Strategic Play in the Werewolf Gamecited by 152
- 2023Avalon's Game of Thoughts: Battle Against Deception through Recursive Contemplationcited by 104
- 2024SOTOPIA-π: Interactive Learning of Socially Intelligent Language Agentscited by 93
- 2023Xiezhi: An Ever-Updating Benchmark for Holistic Domain Knowledge Evaluationcited by 52
- 2023Lyfe Agents: Generative agents for low-cost real-time social interactionscited by 49
- 2024Enhance Reasoning for Large Language Models in the Game Werewolfcited by 48
- 2023Deciphering Digital Detectives: Understanding LLM Behaviors and Capabilities in Multi-Agent Mystery Gamescited by 30
- 2023Playing the Werewolf game with artificial intelligence for language understandingcited by 16
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Citing papers per year: 2025: 4; 2026: 2.
6 papers.
- 2025A Comprehensive Survey on Multi-Agent Cooperative Decision-Making: Scenarios, Approaches, Challenges and Perspectivescited by 28
- 2025From Code Foundation Models to Agents and Applications: A Comprehensive Survey and Practical Guide to Code Intelligencecited by 16
- 2025PRISON: Unmasking the Criminal Potential of Large Language Modelscited by 2
- 2026An Empirical Study of Collective Behaviors and Social Dynamics in Large Language Model Agentscited by 2
- 2026MARO: Learning Stronger Reasoning from Social Interactioncited by 1
- 2025What to Ask Next? Probing the Imaginative Reasoning of LLMs with TurtleSoup Puzzlescited by 0
- 2026An Empirical Study of Collective Behaviors and Social Dynamics in Large Language Model Agents3 Feb 2026
- 2026MARO: Learning Stronger Reasoning from Social Interaction18 Jan 2026
- 2025From Code Foundation Models to Agents and Applications: A Comprehensive Survey and Practical Guide to Code Intelligence23 Nov 2025
- 2025What to Ask Next? Probing the Imaginative Reasoning of LLMs with TurtleSoup Puzzles14 Aug 2025
- 2025PRISON: Unmasking the Criminal Potential of Large Language Models19 Jun 2025
- 2025A Comprehensive Survey on Multi-Agent Cooperative Decision-Making: Scenarios, Approaches, Challenges and Perspectives17 Mar 2025