mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

Human-Readable Adversarial Prompts: An Investigation into LLM Vulnerabilities Using Situational Context

arXiv 2412.16359 ↗First posted 20 Dec 2024cs.CL cs.AIcited by 3

On the map: LLM safety and security → Jailbreaking

Abstract (arXiv)

As the AI systems become deeply embedded in social media platforms, we've uncovered a concerning security vulnerability that goes beyond traditional adversarial attacks. It becomes important to assess the risks of LLMs before the general public use them on social media platforms to avoid any adverse impacts. Unlike obvious nonsensical text strings that safety systems can easily catch, our work reveals that human-readable situation-driven adversarial full-prompts that leverage situational context are effective but much harder to detect. We found that skilled attackers can exploit the vulnerabilities in open-source and proprietary LLMs to make a malicious user query safe for LLMs, resulting in generating a harmful response. This raises an important question about the vulnerabilities of LLMs. To measure the robustness against human-readable attacks, which now present a potent threat, our research makes three major contributions. First, we developed attacks that use movie scripts as situational contextual frameworks, creating natural-looking full-prompts that trick LLMs into generating harmful content. Second, we developed a method to transform gibberish adversarial text into readable, innocuous content that still exploits vulnerabilities when used within the full-prompts. Finally, we enhanced the AdvPrompter framework with p-nucleus sampling to generate diverse human-readable adversarial texts that significantly improve attack effectiveness against models like GPT-3.5-Turbo-0125 and Gemma-7b. Our findings show that these systems can be manipulated to operate beyond their intended ethical boundaries when presented with seemingly normal prompts that contain hidden adversarial elements. By identifying these vulnerabilities, we aim to drive the development of more robust safety mechanisms that can withstand sophisticated attacks in real-world applications.

Key facts. Cited by 3 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Placed in Jailbreaking, one of 12 directions in LLM safety and security. Builds on 32 of its 58 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 20 Dec 2024.

Builds on

32 of 58 references.

Closest ancestors · 10

Same direction, newest first

  1. 2024AdvPrompter: Fast Adaptive Adversarial Prompting for LLMs21 Apr
  2. 2024AmpleGCG: Learning a Universal and Transferable Generative Model of Adversarial Suffixes for Jailbreaking Both Open and Closed LLMs11 Apr
  3. 2024Jailbreaking Leading Safety-Aligned LLMs with Simple Adaptive Attacks2 Apr
  4. 2024ASETF: A Novel Method for Jailbreak Attack on LLMs through Translate Suffix Embeddings25 Feb
  5. 2024How Johnny Can Persuade LLMs to Jailbreak Them: Rethinking Persuasion to Challenge AI Safety by Humanizing LLMs12 Jan
  6. 2023Tree of Attacks: Jailbreaking Black-Box LLMs Automatically4 Dec
  7. 2023Jailbreaking GPT-4V via Self-Adversarial Attacks with System Prompts15 Nov
  8. 2023GPTFUZZER: Red Teaming Large Language Models with Auto-Generated Jailbreak Prompts19 Sep
  9. 2023Certifying LLM Safety against Adversarial Prompting6 Sep
  10. 2023Universal and Transferable Adversarial Attacks on Aligned Language Models27 Jul

Other references · 22

  1. 2022Training language models to follow instructions with human feedbackcited by 15,712
  2. 2023Judging LLM-as-a-Judge with MT-Bench and Chatbot Arenacited by 8,393
  3. 2019The Curious Case of Neural Text Degenerationcited by 2,881
  4. 2023Fine-tuning Aligned Language Models Compromises Safety, Even When Users Do Not Intend To!cited by 1,106
  5. 2016Adversarial Machine Learning at Scalecited by 934
  6. 2019Universal Adversarial Triggers for Attacking and Analyzing NLPcited by 709
  7. 2019Is BERT Really Robust? A Strong Baseline for Natural Language Attack on Text Classification and Entailmentcited by 663
  8. 2020BERT-ATTACK: Adversarial Attack Against BERT Using BERTcited by 488
  9. 2018Generating Natural Language Adversarial Examplescited by 422
  10. 2024AgentHarm: A Benchmark for Measuring Harmfulness of LLM Agentscited by 406
  11. 2018TextBugger: Generating Adversarial Text Against Real-world Applicationscited by 376
  12. 2018Black-box Generation of Adversarial Text Sequences to Evade Deep Learning Classifierscited by 341
10 more
  1. 2020BAE: BERT-based Adversarial Examples for Text Classificationcited by 316
  2. 2017Synthetic and Natural Noise Both Break Neural Machine Translationcited by 304
  3. 2022RARR: Researching and Revising What Language Models Say, Using Language Modelscited by 286
  4. 2021Gradient-based Adversarial Attacks against Text Transformerscited by 233
  5. 2023On the Robustness of ChatGPT: An Adversarial and Out-of-distribution Perspectivecited by 208
  6. 2024Rainbow Teaming: Open-Ended Generation of Diverse Adversarial Promptscited by 189
  7. 2023Automatically Auditing Large Language Models via Discrete Optimizationcited by 187
  8. 2022Why Should Adversarial Perturbations be Imperceptible? Rethink the Research Paradigm in Adversarial NLPcited by 99
  9. 2023Ignore This Title and HackAPrompt: Exposing Systemic Vulnerabilities of LLMs through a Global Scale Prompt Hacking Competitioncited by 65
  10. 2023Elo Uncovered: Robustness and Best Practices in Language Model Evaluationcited by 58

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