LLM-as-an-Interviewer: Beyond Static Testing Through Dynamic LLM Evaluation
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Abstract (arXiv)
We introduce LLM-as-an-Interviewer, a novel paradigm for evaluating large language models (LLMs). This approach leverages multi-turn interactions where the LLM interviewer actively provides feedback on responses and poses follow-up questions to the evaluated LLM. At the start of the interview, the LLM interviewer dynamically modifies datasets to generate initial questions, mitigating data contamination. We apply the LLM-as-an-Interviewer framework to evaluate six models on the MATH and DepthQA tasks. Our results show that the framework effectively provides insights into LLM performance, including the quality of initial responses, adaptability to feedback, and ability to address follow-up queries like clarification or additional knowledge requests. The framework also addresses key limitations of conventional methods like LLM-as-a-Judge, including verbosity bias and inconsistency across runs. Finally, we propose the Interview Report, which aggregates insights from the interview process, providing examples and a comprehensive analysis of the LLM's strengths and weaknesses. This report offers a detailed snapshot of the model's real-world applicability. The code for our framework is publicly available at https://github.com/interview-eval/.
Key facts. Cited by 12 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 23 of its 40 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 10 Dec 2024.
Builds on
23 of 40 references.
References · 23
- 2023Judging LLM-as-a-Judge with MT-Bench and Chatbot Arenacited by 8,393
- 2019BERTScore: Evaluating Text Generation with BERTcited by 5,462
- 2021Measuring Mathematical Problem Solving With the MATH Datasetcited by 5,203
- 2024LiveCodeBench: Holistic and Contamination Free Evaluation of Large Language Models for Codecited by 1,906
- 2024A Survey on LLM-as-a-Judgecited by 1,384
- 2023FActScore: Fine-grained Atomic Evaluation of Factual Precision in Long Form Text Generationcited by 1,259
- 2023Can Large Language Models Be an Alternative to Human Evaluations?cited by 729
- 2023Prometheus: Inducing Fine-grained Evaluation Capability in Language Modelscited by 558
- 2023Zephyr: Direct Distillation of LM Alignmentcited by 498
- 2021Documenting Large Webtext Corpora: A Case Study on the Colossal Clean Crawled Corpuscited by 481
- 2024Dolma: an Open Corpus of Three Trillion Tokens for Language Model Pretraining Researchcited by 475
- 2023MINT: Evaluating LLMs in Multi-turn Interaction with Tools and Language Feedbackcited by 293
11 more
- 2024OLMoE: Open Mixture-of-Experts Language Modelscited by 291
- 2024MT-Bench-101: A Fine-Grained Benchmark for Evaluating Large Language Models in Multi-Turn Dialoguescited by 247
- 2023Proving Test Set Contamination in Black Box Language Modelscited by 227
- 2023Don't Make Your LLM an Evaluation Benchmark Cheatercited by 194
- 2024Investigating Data Contamination for Pre-training Language Modelscited by 91
- 2019ACUTE-EVAL: Improved Dialogue Evaluation with Optimized Questions and Multi-turn Comparisonscited by 83
- 2024Benchmark Self-Evolving: A Multi-Agent Framework for Dynamic LLM Evaluationcited by 73
- 2024KIEval: A Knowledge-grounded Interactive Evaluation Framework for Large Language Modelscited by 36
- 2024Evading Data Contamination Detection for Language Models is (too) Easycited by 30
- 2024Hierarchical Deconstruction of LLM Reasoning: A Graph-Based Framework for Analyzing Knowledge Utilizationcited by 9
- 2024LogProber: Disentangling confidence from contamination in LLM responsescited by 3
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Citing papers per year: 2025: 7; 2026: 5.
12 papers.
- 2025s1: Simple test-time scalingcited by 1,311
- 2025Recent Advances in Large Langauge Model Benchmarks against Data Contamination: From Static to Dynamic Evaluationcited by 38
- 2025RefineBench: Evaluating Refinement Capability of Language Models via Checklistscited by 13
- 2025Flex-TravelPlanner: A Benchmark for Flexible Planning with Language Agentscited by 9
- 2026Cross-Context Review: Improving LLM Output Quality by Separating Production and Review Sessionscited by 5
- 2026More Rounds, More Noise: Why Multi-Turn Review Fails to Improve Cross-Context Verificationcited by 4
- 2025Checklist Engineering Empowers Multilingual LLM Judgescited by 3
- 2025JudgeAgent: Beyond Static Benchmarks for Knowledge-Driven and Dynamic LLM Evaluationcited by 2
- 2025Too Open for Opinion? Embracing Open-Endedness in Large Language Models for Social Simulationcited by 1
- 2026Automated Safety Benchmarking: A Multi-agent Pipeline for LVLMscited by 1
- 2026YIELD: A Large-Scale Dataset and Evaluation Framework for Information Elicitation Agentscited by 0
- 2026DyMT-ESB: Dynamic Multi-Turn Evaluation of Social Bias in User-LLM Interactionscited by 0
- 2026DyMT-ESB: Dynamic Multi-Turn Evaluation of Social Bias in User-LLM Interactions16 Sep 2026
- 2026YIELD: A Large-Scale Dataset and Evaluation Framework for Information Elicitation Agents13 Apr 2026
- 2026More Rounds, More Noise: Why Multi-Turn Review Fails to Improve Cross-Context Verification17 Mar 2026
- 2026Cross-Context Review: Improving LLM Output Quality by Separating Production and Review Sessions12 Mar 2026
- 2026Automated Safety Benchmarking: A Multi-agent Pipeline for LVLMs27 Jan 2026
- 2025RefineBench: Evaluating Refinement Capability of Language Models via Checklists27 Nov 2025
- 2025Too Open for Opinion? Embracing Open-Endedness in Large Language Models for Social Simulation14 Oct 2025
- 2025JudgeAgent: Beyond Static Benchmarks for Knowledge-Driven and Dynamic LLM Evaluation2 Sep 2025
- 2025Checklist Engineering Empowers Multilingual LLM Judges9 Jul 2025
- 2025Flex-TravelPlanner: A Benchmark for Flexible Planning with Language Agents5 Jun 2025
- 2025Recent Advances in Large Langauge Model Benchmarks against Data Contamination: From Static to Dynamic Evaluation23 Feb 2025
- 2025s1: Simple test-time scaling31 Jan 2025