mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

Investigating the Scaling Effect of Instruction Templates for Training Multimodal Language Model

arXiv 2412.08307 ↗First posted 11 Dec 2024cs.CVcited by 1

On the map: Multimodal LLMs / vision-language models → MLLM training and visual instruction tuning

Abstract (arXiv)

Current multimodal language model (MLM) training approaches overlook the influence of instruction templates. Previous research deals with this problem by leveraging hand-crafted or model-generated templates, failing to investigate the scaling effect of instruction templates on MLM training. In this work, we propose a programmatic instruction template generator capable of producing over 15K unique instruction templates by filling randomly sampled positional synonyms into weighted sampled meta templates, enabling us to comprehensively explore MLM's performance across various template scales in the training process. Our investigation into scaling instruction templates for MLM training demonstrates that MLM capabilities do not consistently improve with increasing template scale. Instead, optimal performance is achieved at a medium template scale. Models trained with data augmented at the optimal template scale achieve performance gains of up to 10% over those trained on the original data and achieve the best overall performance compared with the similar-scale MLMs tuned on at most 75 times the scale of our augmented dataset. The code will be publicly available at https://github.com/shijian2001/TemplateScaling.

Key facts. Cited by 1 paper in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Placed in MLLM training and visual instruction tuning, one of 16 directions in Multimodal LLMs / vision-language models. Builds on 43 of its 63 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 11 Dec 2024.

Builds on

43 of 63 references.

Closest ancestors · 14

Same direction, newest first

  1. 2024ProVision: Programmatically Scaling Vision-centric Instruction Data for Multimodal Language Models9 Dec
  2. 2024Qwen2-VL: Enhancing Vision-Language Model's Perception of the World at Any Resolution18 Sep
  3. 2024xGen-MM (BLIP-3): A Family of Open Large Multimodal Models16 Aug
  4. 2024LLaVA-OneVision: Easy Visual Task Transfer6 Aug
  5. 2024Task Me Anything17 Jun
  6. 2024How Far Are We to GPT-4V? Closing the Gap to Commercial Multimodal Models with Open-Source Suites25 Apr
  7. 2024BLINK: Multimodal Large Language Models Can See but Not Perceive18 Apr
  8. 2024Draw-and-Understand: Leveraging Visual Prompts to Enable MLLMs to Comprehend What You Want29 Mar
  9. 2024Finetuned Multimodal Language Models Are High-Quality Image-Text Data Filters5 Mar
  10. 2023InternVL: Scaling up Vision Foundation Models and Aligning for Generic Visual-Linguistic Tasks21 Dec
  11. 2023Improved Baselines with Visual Instruction Tuning5 Oct
  12. 2023SEED-Bench: Benchmarking Multimodal LLMs with Generative Comprehension30 Jul
2 more
  1. 2023MMBench: Is Your Multi-modal Model an All-around Player?12 Jul
  2. 2023InstructBLIP: Towards General-purpose Vision-Language Models with Instruction Tuning11 May

Other references · 29

  1. 2021LoRA: Low-Rank Adaptation of Large Language Modelscited by 14,084
  2. 2019Sentence-BERT: Sentence Embeddings using Siamese BERT-Networkscited by 9,049
  3. 2023Visual Instruction Tuningcited by 7,792
  4. 2020Scaling Laws for Neural Language Modelscited by 6,411
  5. 2023BLIP-2: Bootstrapping Language-Image Pre-training with Frozen Image Encoders and Large Language Modelscited by 6,069
  6. 2022BLIP: Bootstrapping Language-Image Pre-training for Unified Vision-Language Understanding and Generationcited by 4,310
  7. 2023MiniGPT-4: Enhancing Vision-Language Understanding with Advanced Large Language Modelscited by 2,689
  8. 2023MMMU: A Massive Multi-discipline Multimodal Understanding and Reasoning Benchmark for Expert AGIcited by 2,044
  9. 2021Multitask Prompted Training Enables Zero-Shot Task Generalizationcited by 1,462
  10. 2021Fantastically Ordered Prompts and Where to Find Them: Overcoming Few-Shot Prompt Order Sensitivitycited by 1,122
  11. 2023Quantifying Language Models' Sensitivity to Spurious Features in Prompt Design or: How I learned to start worrying about prompt formattingcited by 778
  12. 2024What matters when building vision-language models?cited by 321
17 more
  1. 2023State of What Art? A Call for Multi-Prompt LLM Evaluationcited by 299
  2. 2023MIMIC-IT: Multi-Modal In-Context Instruction Tuningcited by 264
  3. 2022Demystifying Prompts in Language Models via Perplexity Estimationcited by 215
  4. 2024ProSA: Assessing and Understanding the Prompt Sensitivity of LLMscited by 145
  5. 2023Scaling Laws of Synthetic Images for Model Training ... for Nowcited by 107
  6. 2024Mind Your Format: Towards Consistent Evaluation of In-Context Learning Improvementscited by 82
  7. 2023X-InstructBLIP: A Framework for aligning X-Modal instruction-aware representations to LLMs and Emergent Cross-modal Reasoningcited by 78
  8. 2024POSIX: A Prompt Sensitivity Index For Large Language Modelscited by 56
  9. 2024MC-LLaVA: Multi-Concept Personalized Vision-Language Modelcited by 53
  10. 2023The language of prompting: What linguistic properties make a prompt successful?cited by 43
  11. 2024LLM as Dataset Analyst: Subpopulation Structure Discovery with Large Language Modelcited by 43
  12. 2024m&m's: A Benchmark to Evaluate Tool-Use for multi-step multi-modal Taskscited by 38
  13. 2023Prismer: A Vision-Language Model with Multi-Task Expertscited by 28
  14. 2023Sensitivity and Robustness of Large Language Models to Prompt Template in Japanese Text Classification Taskscited by 25
  15. 2023Fine-grained Audio-Visual Joint Representations for Multimodal Large Language Modelscited by 21
  16. 2023Grounding-Prompter: Prompting LLM with Multimodal Information for Temporal Sentence Grounding in Long Videoscited by 14
  17. 2023LLMVA-GEBC: Large Language Model with Video Adapter for Generic Event Boundary Captioningcited by 9

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Citing papers per year: 2025: 1.

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  1. 2024MIA-Bench: Towards Better Instruction Following Evaluation of Multimodal LLMs
  2. 2024Infinity-MM: Scaling Multimodal Performance with Large-Scale and High-Quality Instruction Data
  3. 2023Genixer: Empowering Multimodal Large Language Models as a Powerful Data Generator
  4. 2024Towards Robust Instruction Tuning on Multimodal Large Language Models
  5. 2025Towards Alignment-Centric Paradigm: A Survey of Instruction Tuning in Large Language Models
  6. 2023Dynamics of Instruction Fine-Tuning for Chinese Large Language Models
  7. 2025MM-IFEngine: Towards Multimodal Instruction Following
  8. 2025Aligning Instruction Tuning with Pre-training