Sensitive Content Classification in Social Media: A Holistic Resource and Evaluation
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Abstract (arXiv)
The detection of sensitive content in large datasets is crucial for ensuring that shared and analysed data is free from harmful material. However, current moderation tools, such as external APIs, suffer from limitations in customisation, accuracy across diverse sensitive categories, and privacy concerns. Additionally, existing datasets and open-source models focus predominantly on toxic language, leaving gaps in detecting other sensitive categories such as substance abuse or self-harm. In this paper, we put forward a unified dataset tailored for social media content moderation across six sensitive categories: conflictual language, profanity, sexually explicit material, drug-related content, self-harm, and spam. By collecting and annotating data with consistent retrieval strategies and guidelines, we address the shortcomings of previous focalised research. Our analysis demonstrates that fine-tuning large language models (LLMs) on this novel dataset yields significant improvements in detection performance compared to open off-the-shelf models such as LLaMA, and even proprietary OpenAI models, which underperform by 10-15% overall. This limitation is even more pronounced on popular moderation APIs, which cannot be easily tailored to specific sensitive content categories, among others.
Key facts. Cited by 4 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 16 of its 71 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 29 Nov 2024.
Builds on
16 of 71 references.
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4 more
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Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2025: 2; 2026: 2.
4 papers.
- 2025CRADLE Bench: A Clinician-Annotated Benchmark for Multi-Faceted Mental Health Crisis and Safety Risk Detectioncited by 8
- 2025When Harmful Content Gets Camouflaged: Unveiling Perception Failure of LVLMs with CamHarmTIcited by 0
- 2026Analysing Self-Harm Representations in Language Models: a Cross-Architecture Studycited by 0
- 2026Evaluating Criterion-Conditioned Behaviour of Large Language Models in Content Moderationcited by 0
- 2026Evaluating Criterion-Conditioned Behaviour of Large Language Models in Content Moderation3 Sep 2026
- 2026Analysing Self-Harm Representations in Language Models: a Cross-Architecture Study24 Jul 2026
- 2025When Harmful Content Gets Camouflaged: Unveiling Perception Failure of LVLMs with CamHarmTI29 Nov 2025
- 2025CRADLE Bench: A Clinician-Annotated Benchmark for Multi-Faceted Mental Health Crisis and Safety Risk Detection27 Oct 2025