Do LLMs Agree on the Creativity Evaluation of Alternative Uses?
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Abstract (arXiv)
This paper investigates whether large language models (LLMs) show agreement in assessing creativity in responses to the Alternative Uses Test (AUT). While LLMs are increasingly used to evaluate creative content, previous studies have primarily focused on a single model assessing responses generated by the same model or humans. This paper explores whether LLMs can impartially and accurately evaluate creativity in outputs generated by both themselves and other models. Using an oracle benchmark set of AUT responses, categorized by creativity level (common, creative, and highly creative), we experiment with four state-of-the-art LLMs evaluating these outputs. We test both scoring and ranking methods and employ two evaluation settings (comprehensive and segmented) to examine if LLMs agree on the creativity evaluation of alternative uses. Results reveal high inter-model agreement, with Spearman correlations averaging above 0.7 across models and reaching over 0.77 with respect to the oracle, indicating a high level of agreement and validating the reliability of LLMs in creativity assessment of alternative uses. Notably, models do not favour their own responses, instead they provide similar creativity assessment scores or rankings for alternative uses generated by other models. These findings suggest that LLMs exhibit impartiality and high alignment in creativity evaluation, offering promising implications for their use in automated creativity assessment.
Key facts. Cited by 5 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 18 of its 31 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 23 Nov 2024.
Builds on
18 of 31 references.
References · 18
- 2023Judging LLM-as-a-Judge with MT-Bench and Chatbot Arenacited by 8,393
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- 2023A Survey on Evaluation of Large Language Modelscited by 1,227
- 2023Large Language Models are not Fair Evaluatorscited by 1,050
- 2023Can Large Language Models Be an Alternative to Human Evaluations?cited by 729
- 2023GPTScore: Evaluate as You Desirecited by 357
- 2024Judging the Judges: Evaluating Alignment and Vulnerabilities in LLMs-as-Judgescited by 197
- 2023A Confederacy of Models: a Comprehensive Evaluation of LLMs on Creative Writingcited by 98
- 2022Putting GPT-3's Creativity to the (Alternative Uses) Testcited by 62
- 2024Assessing and Understanding Creativity in Large Language Modelscited by 35
- 2024Evaluating the Evaluator: Measuring LLMs' Adherence to Task Evaluation Instructionscited by 34
- 2024Leveraging LLM-Respondents for Item Evaluation: a Psychometric Analysiscited by 31
6 more
- 2023Less is More for Long Document Summary Evaluation by LLMscited by 28
- 2023Exploring the Reliability of Large Language Models as Customized Evaluators for Diverse NLP Taskscited by 23
- 2021Creativity and Machine Learning: A Surveycited by 21
- 2023A Closer Look into Automatic Evaluation Using Large Language Modelscited by 17
- 2024Creative Beam Search: LLM-as-a-Judge For Improving Response Generationcited by 13
- 2023Automatic Assessment of Divergent Thinking in Chinese Language with TransDis: A Transformer-Based Language Model Approachcited by 2
Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2025: 1; 2026: 4.
5 papers.
- 2025Creation-MMBench: Assessing Context-Aware Creative Intelligence in MLLMcited by 14
- 2026Style Wins, Substance Loses: A Diagnosis of LLM-as-Judge in Idea Generationcited by 1
- 2026IDEAFix: Evaluation Framework for Creative Defixation Prompting in LLMscited by 0
- 2026Recipes for Creativity: Iterative Generation and Evaluation in Large Language Modelscited by 0
- 2026Using Poly-Encoders for Computationally Efficient Automated Creativity Assessmentcited by 0
- 2026Recipes for Creativity: Iterative Generation and Evaluation in Large Language Models7 Aug 2026
- 2026Style Wins, Substance Loses: A Diagnosis of LLM-as-Judge in Idea Generation3 Aug 2026
- 2026Using Poly-Encoders for Computationally Efficient Automated Creativity Assessment13 Jul 2026
- 2026IDEAFix: Evaluation Framework for Creative Defixation Prompting in LLMs30 May 2026
- 2025Creation-MMBench: Assessing Context-Aware Creative Intelligence in MLLM18 Mar 2025