FoPru: Focal Pruning for Efficient Large Vision-Language Models
On the map: Multimodal LLMs / vision-language models → Visual token pruning and efficiency
Abstract (arXiv)
Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) represent a significant advancement toward achieving superior multimodal capabilities by enabling powerful Large Language Models (LLMs) to understand visual input. Typically, LVLMs utilize visual encoders, such as CLIP, to transform images into visual tokens, which are then aligned with textual tokens through projection layers before being input into the LLM for inference. Although existing LVLMs have achieved significant success, their inference efficiency is still limited by the substantial number of visual tokens and the potential redundancy among them. To mitigate this issue, we propose Focal Pruning (FoPru), a training-free method that prunes visual tokens based on the attention-based token significance derived from the vision encoder. Specifically, we introduce two alternative pruning strategies: 1) the rank strategy, which leverages all token significance scores to retain more critical tokens in a global view; 2) the row strategy, which focuses on preserving continuous key information in images from a local perspective. Finally, the selected tokens are reordered to maintain their original positional relationships. Extensive experiments across various LVLMs and multimodal datasets demonstrate that our method can prune a large number of redundant tokens while maintaining high accuracy, leading to significant improvements in inference efficiency.
Key facts. Cited by 10 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Placed in Visual token pruning and efficiency, one of 16 directions in Multimodal LLMs / vision-language models. Builds on 22 of its 35 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 21 Nov 2024.
Builds on
22 of 35 references.
Closest ancestors · 4
Same direction, newest first
- 2024TokenPacker: Efficient Visual Projector for Multimodal LLM2 Jul
- 2024LLaVA-PruMerge: Adaptive Token Reduction for Efficient Large Multimodal Models22 Mar
- 2024An Image is Worth 1/2 Tokens After Layer 2: Plug-and-Play Inference Acceleration for Large Vision-Language Models11 Mar
- 2023MobileVLM : A Fast, Strong and Open Vision Language Assistant for Mobile Devices28 Dec
Other references · 18
- 2020An Image is Worth 16x16 Words: Transformers for Image Recognition at Scalecited by 30,186
- 2023GPT-4 Technical Reportcited by 18,396
- 2023LLaMA: Open and Efficient Foundation Language Modelscited by 14,132
- 2024Gemini 1.5: Unlocking multimodal understanding across millions of tokens of contextcited by 3,224
- 2023MiniGPT-4: Enhancing Vision-Language Understanding with Advanced Large Language Modelscited by 2,711
- 2023Qwen-VL: A Versatile Vision-Language Model for Understanding, Localization, Text Reading, and Beyondcited by 2,224
- 2023Evaluating Object Hallucination in Large Vision-Language Modelscited by 1,729
- 2022Token Merging: Your ViT But Fastercited by 1,021
- 2023A Survey on Multimodal Large Language Modelscited by 909
- 2023Gemini: A Family of Highly Capable Multimodal Modelscited by 872
- 2023CogVLM: Visual Expert for Pretrained Language Modelscited by 708
- 2023The Dawn of LMMs: Preliminary Explorations with GPT-4V(ision)cited by 681
6 more
- 2023OCRBench: On the Hidden Mystery of OCR in Large Multimodal Modelscited by 476
- 2024LMMs-Eval: Reality Check on the Evaluation of Large Multimodal Modelscited by 353
- 2024MobileVLM V2: Faster and Stronger Baseline for Vision Language Modelcited by 174
- 2024Dense Connector for MLLMscited by 49
- 2024DocKylin: A Large Multimodal Model for Visual Document Understanding with Efficient Visual Slimmingcited by 35
- 2023Calibrating Undisciplined Over-Smoothing in Transformer for Weakly Supervised Semantic Segmentationcited by 3
Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2025: 7; 2026: 3.
10 papers.
- 2025SP-VLA: A Joint Model Scheduling and Token Pruning Approach for VLA Model Accelerationcited by 58
- 2025Don't Just Chase "Highlighted Tokens" in MLLMs: Revisiting Visual Holistic Context Retentioncited by 47
- 2025Global Compression Commander: Plug-and-Play Inference Acceleration for High-Resolution Large Vision-Language Modelscited by 32
- 2025Beyond Intermediate States: Explaining Visual Redundancy through Languagecited by 7
- 2025METEOR: Multi-Encoder Collaborative Token Pruning for Efficient Vision Language Modelscited by 3
- 2025HIVTP: A Training-Free Method to Improve VLMs Efficiency via Hierarchical Visual Token Pruning Using Middle-Layer-Based Importance Scorecited by 3
- 2026From Knowing to Doing Precisely: A General Self-Correction and Termination Framework for VLA modelscited by 3
- 2026Reroute, Don't Remove: Recoverable Visual Token Routing for Vision-Language Modelscited by 3
- 2025Streamline Without Sacrifice -- Squeeze out Computation Redundancy in LMMcited by 2
- 2026When and What to Prune? Stage-Aware Visual Token Pruning for Efficient VLAcited by 0
- 2026When and What to Prune? Stage-Aware Visual Token Pruning for Efficient VLA4 Oct 2026
- 2026Reroute, Don't Remove: Recoverable Visual Token Routing for Vision-Language Models10 Jun 2026
- 2026From Knowing to Doing Precisely: A General Self-Correction and Termination Framework for VLA models2 Feb 2026
- 2025Don't Just Chase "Highlighted Tokens" in MLLMs: Revisiting Visual Holistic Context Retention3 Oct 2025
- 2025HIVTP: A Training-Free Method to Improve VLMs Efficiency via Hierarchical Visual Token Pruning Using Middle-Layer-Based Importance Score28 Sep 2025
- 2025METEOR: Multi-Encoder Collaborative Token Pruning for Efficient Vision Language Models28 Jul 2025
- 2025SP-VLA: A Joint Model Scheduling and Token Pruning Approach for VLA Model Acceleration15 Jun 2025
- 2025Streamline Without Sacrifice -- Squeeze out Computation Redundancy in LMM21 May 2025
- 2025Beyond Intermediate States: Explaining Visual Redundancy through Language26 Mar 2025
- 2025Global Compression Commander: Plug-and-Play Inference Acceleration for High-Resolution Large Vision-Language Models9 Jan 2025
Similar, not cited
Close in wording, no citation either way
- 2025STAR: Stage-Wise Attention-Guided Token Reduction for Efficient Large Vision-Language Models Inference
- 2026LearnPruner: Rethinking Attention-based Token Pruning in Vision Language Models
- 2025Balanced Token Pruning: Accelerating Vision Language Models Beyond Local Optimization
- 2026ViTCoP: Accelerating Large Vision-Language Models via Visual and Textual Semantic Collaborative Pruning
- 2025Multi-Cue Adaptive Visual Token Pruning for Large Vision-Language Models
- 2026CRISP: Pre-LLM Yet Text-Driven Visual Token Pruning for Efficient LVLM Inference
- 2026Multi-Image Visual Token Pruning in Large Visual Language Models
- 2025LVPruning: An Effective yet Simple Language-Guided Vision Token Pruning Approach for Multi-modal Large Language Models