mlsanityData to 14 Oct 2026

FoPru: Focal Pruning for Efficient Large Vision-Language Models

arXiv 2411.14164 ↗First posted 21 Nov 2024cs.CV cs.AIcited by 10

On the map: Multimodal LLMs / vision-language models → Visual token pruning and efficiency

Abstract (arXiv)

Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) represent a significant advancement toward achieving superior multimodal capabilities by enabling powerful Large Language Models (LLMs) to understand visual input. Typically, LVLMs utilize visual encoders, such as CLIP, to transform images into visual tokens, which are then aligned with textual tokens through projection layers before being input into the LLM for inference. Although existing LVLMs have achieved significant success, their inference efficiency is still limited by the substantial number of visual tokens and the potential redundancy among them. To mitigate this issue, we propose Focal Pruning (FoPru), a training-free method that prunes visual tokens based on the attention-based token significance derived from the vision encoder. Specifically, we introduce two alternative pruning strategies: 1) the rank strategy, which leverages all token significance scores to retain more critical tokens in a global view; 2) the row strategy, which focuses on preserving continuous key information in images from a local perspective. Finally, the selected tokens are reordered to maintain their original positional relationships. Extensive experiments across various LVLMs and multimodal datasets demonstrate that our method can prune a large number of redundant tokens while maintaining high accuracy, leading to significant improvements in inference efficiency.

Key facts. Cited by 10 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Placed in Visual token pruning and efficiency, one of 16 directions in Multimodal LLMs / vision-language models. Builds on 22 of its 35 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 21 Nov 2024.

Builds on

22 of 35 references.

Closest ancestors · 4

Same direction, newest first

  1. 2024TokenPacker: Efficient Visual Projector for Multimodal LLM2 Jul
  2. 2024LLaVA-PruMerge: Adaptive Token Reduction for Efficient Large Multimodal Models22 Mar
  3. 2024An Image is Worth 1/2 Tokens After Layer 2: Plug-and-Play Inference Acceleration for Large Vision-Language Models11 Mar
  4. 2023MobileVLM : A Fast, Strong and Open Vision Language Assistant for Mobile Devices28 Dec

Other references · 18

  1. 2020An Image is Worth 16x16 Words: Transformers for Image Recognition at Scalecited by 30,186
  2. 2023GPT-4 Technical Reportcited by 18,396
  3. 2023LLaMA: Open and Efficient Foundation Language Modelscited by 14,132
  4. 2024Gemini 1.5: Unlocking multimodal understanding across millions of tokens of contextcited by 3,224
  5. 2023MiniGPT-4: Enhancing Vision-Language Understanding with Advanced Large Language Modelscited by 2,711
  6. 2023Qwen-VL: A Versatile Vision-Language Model for Understanding, Localization, Text Reading, and Beyondcited by 2,224
  7. 2023Evaluating Object Hallucination in Large Vision-Language Modelscited by 1,729
  8. 2022Token Merging: Your ViT But Fastercited by 1,021
  9. 2023A Survey on Multimodal Large Language Modelscited by 909
  10. 2023Gemini: A Family of Highly Capable Multimodal Modelscited by 872
  11. 2023CogVLM: Visual Expert for Pretrained Language Modelscited by 708
  12. 2023The Dawn of LMMs: Preliminary Explorations with GPT-4V(ision)cited by 681
6 more
  1. 2023OCRBench: On the Hidden Mystery of OCR in Large Multimodal Modelscited by 476
  2. 2024LMMs-Eval: Reality Check on the Evaluation of Large Multimodal Modelscited by 353
  3. 2024MobileVLM V2: Faster and Stronger Baseline for Vision Language Modelcited by 174
  4. 2024Dense Connector for MLLMscited by 49
  5. 2024DocKylin: A Large Multimodal Model for Visual Document Understanding with Efficient Visual Slimmingcited by 35
  6. 2023Calibrating Undisciplined Over-Smoothing in Transformer for Weakly Supervised Semantic Segmentationcited by 3

Built on by

Cited by year (2026 to 14 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2025: 7; 2026: 3.

10 papers.

Similar, not cited

Close in wording, no citation either way

  1. 2025STAR: Stage-Wise Attention-Guided Token Reduction for Efficient Large Vision-Language Models Inference
  2. 2026LearnPruner: Rethinking Attention-based Token Pruning in Vision Language Models
  3. 2025Balanced Token Pruning: Accelerating Vision Language Models Beyond Local Optimization
  4. 2026ViTCoP: Accelerating Large Vision-Language Models via Visual and Textual Semantic Collaborative Pruning
  5. 2025Multi-Cue Adaptive Visual Token Pruning for Large Vision-Language Models
  6. 2026CRISP: Pre-LLM Yet Text-Driven Visual Token Pruning for Efficient LVLM Inference
  7. 2026Multi-Image Visual Token Pruning in Large Visual Language Models
  8. 2025LVPruning: An Effective yet Simple Language-Guided Vision Token Pruning Approach for Multi-modal Large Language Models