Hints of Prompt: Enhancing Visual Representation for Multimodal LLMs in Autonomous Driving
On the map: Multimodal LLMs / vision-language models → Driving VLMs and open-vocabulary detection
Abstract (arXiv)
In light of the dynamic nature of autonomous driving environments and stringent safety requirements, general MLLMs combined with CLIP alone often struggle to accurately represent driving-specific scenarios, particularly in complex interactions and long-tail cases. To address this, we propose the Hints of Prompt (HoP) framework, which introduces three key enhancements: Affinity hint to emphasize instance-level structure by strengthening token-wise connections, Semantic hint to incorporate high-level information relevant to driving-specific cases, such as complex interactions among vehicles and traffic signs, and Question hint to align visual features with the query context, focusing on question-relevant regions. These hints are fused through a Hint Fusion module, enriching visual representations by capturing driving-related representations with limited domain data, ensuring faster adaptation to driving scenarios. Extensive experiments confirm the effectiveness of the HoP framework, showing that it significantly outperforms previous state-of-the-art methods in all key metrics.
Key facts. Cited by 6 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Placed in Driving VLMs and open-vocabulary detection, one of 16 directions in Multimodal LLMs / vision-language models. Builds on 48 of its 57 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 20 Nov 2024.
Builds on
48 of 57 references.
Closest ancestors · 5
Same direction, newest first
- 2024Video Token Sparsification for Efficient Multimodal LLMs in Autonomous Driving16 Sep
- 2024DriveVLM: The Convergence of Autonomous Driving and Large Vision-Language Models19 Feb
- 2023DriveLM: Driving with Graph Visual Question Answering21 Dec
- 2023Talk2BEV: Language-enhanced Bird's-eye View Maps for Autonomous Driving3 Oct
- 2023DriveGPT4: Interpretable End-to-end Autonomous Driving via Large Language Model2 Oct
Other references · 43
- 2017Attention Is All You Needcited by 60,361
- 2021Learning Transferable Visual Models From Natural Language Supervisioncited by 33,744
- 2020An Image is Worth 16x16 Words: Transformers for Image Recognition at Scalecited by 30,186
- 2023GPT-4 Technical Reportcited by 18,396
- 2023LLaMA: Open and Efficient Foundation Language Modelscited by 14,132
- 2023DINOv2: Learning Robust Visual Features without Supervisioncited by 7,974
- 2023Visual Instruction Tuningcited by 7,869
- 2020End-to-End Object Detection with Transformerscited by 7,414
- 2022PaLM: Scaling Language Modeling with Pathwayscited by 5,326
- 2016The Cityscapes Dataset for Semantic Urban Scene Understandingcited by 4,444
- 2023Improved Baselines with Visual Instruction Tuningcited by 4,418
- 2022Flamingo: a Visual Language Model for Few-Shot Learningcited by 4,386
31 more
- 2023Grounding DINO: Marrying DINO with Grounded Pre-Training for Open-Set Object Detectioncited by 3,332
- 2023MiniGPT-4: Enhancing Vision-Language Understanding with Advanced Large Language Modelscited by 2,711
- 2023InternVL: Scaling up Vision Foundation Models and Aligning for Generic Visual-Linguistic Taskscited by 2,565
- 2021Masked-attention Mask Transformer for Universal Image Segmentationcited by 2,351
- 2023Qwen-VL: A Versatile Vision-Language Model for Understanding, Localization, Text Reading, and Beyondcited by 2,224
- 2014CIDEr: Consensus-based Image Description Evaluationcited by 2,046
- 2023AWQ: Activation-aware Weight Quantization for LLM Compression and Accelerationcited by 1,298
- 2024Cambrian-1: A Fully Open, Vision-Centric Exploration of Multimodal LLMscited by 838
- 2016SPICE: Semantic Propositional Image Caption Evaluationcited by 824
- 2024Eyes Wide Shut? Exploring the Visual Shortcomings of Multimodal LLMscited by 735
- 2024DeepSeek-VL: Towards Real-World Vision-Language Understandingcited by 733
- 2022Exploring Plain Vision Transformer Backbones for Object Detectioncited by 724
- 2023CogVLM: Visual Expert for Pretrained Language Modelscited by 708
- 2023The Dawn of LMMs: Preliminary Explorations with GPT-4V(ision)cited by 681
- 2023GAIA-1: A Generative World Model for Autonomous Drivingcited by 637
- 2023End-to-end Autonomous Driving: Challenges and Frontierscited by 490
- 2019A Survey of Deep Learning Techniques for Autonomous Drivingcited by 403
- 2022Pix2Struct: Screenshot Parsing as Pretraining for Visual Language Understandingcited by 366
- 2023GPT-Driver: Learning to Drive with GPTcited by 347
- 2023LMDrive: Closed-Loop End-to-End Driving with Large Language Modelscited by 305
- 2023SPHINX: The Joint Mixing of Weights, Tasks, and Visual Embeddings for Multi-modal Large Language Modelscited by 286
- 2023NuScenes-QA: A Multi-modal Visual Question Answering Benchmark for Autonomous Driving Scenariocited by 262
- 2023DriveDreamer: Towards Real-world-driven World Models for Autonomous Drivingcited by 261
- 2018Textual Explanations for Self-Driving Vehiclescited by 226
- 2024Oryx MLLM: On-Demand Spatial-Temporal Understanding at Arbitrary Resolutioncited by 159
- 2022DRAMA: Joint Risk Localization and Captioning in Drivingcited by 126
- 2023ADAPT: Action-aware Driving Caption Transformercited by 78
- 2024Tokenize the World into Object-level Knowledge to Address Long-tail Events in Autonomous Drivingcited by 56
- 2024MoME: Mixture of Multimodal Experts for Generalist Multimodal Large Language Modelscited by 46
- 2024Hint-AD: Holistically Aligned Interpretability in End-to-End Autonomous Drivingcited by 33
- 2024Question Aware Vision Transformer for Multimodal Reasoningcited by 32
Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2025: 3; 2026: 3.
6 papers.
- 2025Impromptu VLA: Open Weights and Open Data for Driving Vision-Language-Action Modelscited by 60
- 2025A Survey of Token Compression for Efficient Multimodal Large Language Modelscited by 25
- 2025V3LMA: Visual 3D-enhanced Language Model for Autonomous Drivingcited by 7
- 2026IVRA: Improving Visual-Token Relations for Robot Action Policy with Training-Free Hint-Based Guidancecited by 2
- 2026Towards Robust Endogenous Reasoning: Unifying Drift Adaptation in Non-Stationary Tuningcited by 2
- 2026DriveSafe: A Framework for Risk Detection and Safety Suggestions in Driving Scenarioscited by 0
- 2026DriveSafe: A Framework for Risk Detection and Safety Suggestions in Driving Scenarios16 May 2026
- 2026Towards Robust Endogenous Reasoning: Unifying Drift Adaptation in Non-Stationary Tuning17 Apr 2026
- 2026IVRA: Improving Visual-Token Relations for Robot Action Policy with Training-Free Hint-Based Guidance22 Jan 2026
- 2025A Survey of Token Compression for Efficient Multimodal Large Language Models27 Jul 2025
- 2025Impromptu VLA: Open Weights and Open Data for Driving Vision-Language-Action Models29 May 2025
- 2025V3LMA: Visual 3D-enhanced Language Model for Autonomous Driving30 Apr 2025
Similar, not cited
Close in wording, no citation either way
- 2025DriveLMM-o1: A Step-by-Step Reasoning Dataset and Large Multimodal Model for Driving Scenario Understanding
- 2023Driving with LLMs: Fusing Object-Level Vector Modality for Explainable Autonomous Driving
- 2025VLMs Guided Interpretable Decision Making for Autonomous Driving
- 2025Are VLMs Ready for Autonomous Driving? An Empirical Study from the Reliability, Data, and Metric Perspectives
- 2025WaymoQA: A Multi-View Visual Question Answering Dataset for Safety-Critical Reasoning in Autonomous Driving
- 2026Probing Visual Concepts in Lightweight Vision-Language Models for Automated Driving
- 2025VLM-E2E: Enhancing End-to-End Autonomous Driving with Multimodal Driver Attention Fusion
- 2026DriveXQA: Cross-modal Visual Question Answering for Adverse Driving Scene Understanding