Reducing catastrophic forgetting of incremental learning in the absence of rehearsal memory with task-specific token

Deep learning models generally display catastrophic forgetting when learning new data continuously. Many incremental learning approaches address this problem by reusing data from previous tasks while learning new tasks. However, the direct access to past data generates privacy and security concerns. To address these issues, we present a novel method that preserves previous knowledge without storing previous data. This method is inspired by the architecture of a vision transformer and employs a unique token capable of encapsulating the compressed knowledge of each task. This approach generates task-specific embeddings by directing attention differently based on the task associated with the data, thereby effectively mimicking the impact of having multiple models through tokens. Our method incorporates a distillation process that ensures efficient interactions even after multiple additional learning steps, thereby optimizing the model against forgetting. We measured the performance of our model in terms of accuracy and backward transfer using a benchmark dataset for different task-incremental learning scenarios. Our results demonstrate the superiority of our approach, which achieved the highest accuracy and lowest backward transfer among the compared methods. In addition to presenting a new model, our approach lays the foundation for various extensions within the spectrum of vision-transformer architectures.