Investigating the Gestalt Principle of Closure in Deep Convolutional Neural Networks
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Abstract (arXiv)
Deep neural networks perform well in object recognition, but do they perceive objects like humans? This study investigates the Gestalt principle of closure in convolutional neural networks. We propose a protocol to identify closure and conduct experiments using simple visual stimuli with progressively removed edge sections. We evaluate well-known networks on their ability to classify incomplete polygons. Our findings reveal a performance degradation as the edge removal percentage increases, indicating that current models heavily rely on complete edge information for accurate classification. The data used in our study is available on Github.
Key facts. Cited by 4 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 9 of its 17 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 1 Nov 2024.
Builds on
9 of 17 references.
References · 9
- 2015Deep Residual Learning for Image Recognitioncited by 52,096
- 2014Very Deep Convolutional Networks for Large-Scale Image Recognitioncited by 15,364
- 2016Densely Connected Convolutional Networkscited by 6,720
- 2014Going Deeper with Convolutionscited by 4,241
- 2017MobileNets: Efficient Convolutional Neural Networks for Mobile Vision Applicationscited by 3,845
- 2016SqueezeNet: AlexNet-level accuracy with 50x fewer parameters and <0.5MB model sizecited by 1,060
- 2022Mixed Evidence for Gestalt Grouping in Deep Neural Networkscited by 12
- 2018Understanding Deep Convolutional Networks through Gestalt Theorycited by 8
- 2019Evaluating CNNs on the Gestalt Principle of Closurecited by 4
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Citing papers per year: 2024: 1; 2025: 1; 2026: 2.
4 papers.
- 2025Perception-Guided EEG Analysis: A Deep Learning Approach Inspired by Level of Detail (LOD) Theorycited by 1
- 2024Monkey Transfer Learning Can Improve Human Pose Estimationcited by 0
- 2026The General Theory of Localization Methodscited by 0
- 2026Vision Transformers Learn Gestalt-Like Figure-Ground Cues from Natural Imagescited by 0
- 2026Vision Transformers Learn Gestalt-Like Figure-Ground Cues from Natural Images9 Jul 2026
- 2026The General Theory of Localization Methods20 May 2026
- 2025Perception-Guided EEG Analysis: A Deep Learning Approach Inspired by Level of Detail (LOD) Theory11 Jan 2025
- 2024Monkey Transfer Learning Can Improve Human Pose Estimation20 Dec 2024