MissNODAG: Differentiable Cyclic Causal Graph Learning from Incomplete Data
Not on the map. Why?
Abstract (arXiv)
Causal discovery in real-world systems, such as biological networks, is often complicated by feedback loops and incomplete data. Standard algorithms, which assume acyclic structures or fully observed data, struggle with these challenges. To address this gap, we propose MissNODAG, a differentiable framework for learning both the underlying cyclic causal graph and the missingness mechanism from partially observed data, including data missing not at random. Our framework integrates an additive noise model with an expectation-maximization procedure, alternating between imputing missing values and optimizing the observed data likelihood, to uncover both the cyclic structures and the missingness mechanism. We establish consistency guarantees under exact maximization of the score function in the large sample setting. Finally, we demonstrate the effectiveness of MissNODAG through synthetic experiments and an application to real-world gene perturbation data.
Key facts. Cited by 1 paper in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 39 of its 84 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 24 Oct 2024.
Builds on
39 of 84 references.
References · 39
- 2014Adam: A Method for Stochastic Optimizationcited by 37,240
- 2016Categorical Reparameterization with Gumbel-Softmaxcited by 2,739
- 2018DAGs with NO TEARS: Continuous Optimization for Structure Learningcited by 752
- 2018Invertible Residual Networkscited by 365
- 2019DAG-GNN: DAG Structure Learning with Graph Neural Networkscited by 331
- 2019Residual Flows for Invertible Generative Modelingcited by 257
- 2020Differentiable Causal Discovery from Interventional Datacited by 218
- 2019Learning Sparse Nonparametric DAGscited by 207
- 2020On the Role of Sparsity and DAG Constraints for Learning Linear DAGscited by 191
- 2017Invariant Causal Prediction for Nonlinear Modelscited by 140
- 2016Foundations of Structural Causal Models with Cycles and Latent Variablescited by 134
- 2023Causal-learn: Causal Discovery in Pythoncited by 109
27 more
- 2020Missing Data Imputation using Optimal Transportcited by 100
- 2019Masked Gradient-Based Causal Structure Learningcited by 89
- 2021Efficient Neural Causal Discovery without Acyclicity Constraintscited by 82
- 2017Permutation-based Causal Inference Algorithms with Interventionscited by 78
- 2018Graphical Models for Processing Missing Datacited by 58
- 2020Differentiable Causal Discovery Under Unmeasured Confoundingcited by 56
- 2021MIRACLE: Causally-Aware Imputation via Learning Missing Data Mechanismscited by 51
- 2014Constraint-based Causal Discovery from Multiple Interventions over Overlapping Variable Setscited by 48
- 2018Causal Discovery in the Presence of Missing Datacited by 47
- 2022Large-Scale Differentiable Causal Discovery of Factor Graphscited by 47
- 2019Scaling structural learning with NO-BEARS to infer causal transcriptome networkscited by 39
- 2013A Discovery Algorithm for Directed Cyclic Graphscited by 34
- 2017Markov Properties for Graphical Models with Cycles and Latent Variablescited by 32
- 2013The Bayesian Structural EM Algorithmcited by 26
- 2020Causal Discovery from Incomplete Data: A Deep Learning Approachcited by 26
- 2020Full Law Identification In Graphical Models Of Missing Data: Completeness Resultscited by 26
- 2017Fast Causal Inference with Non-Random Missingness by Test-Wise Deletioncited by 23
- 2022MissDAG: Causal Discovery in the Presence of Missing Data with Continuous Additive Noise Modelscited by 22
- 2013Cyclic Causal Discovery from Continuous Equilibrium Datacited by 21
- 2023NODAGS-Flow: Nonlinear Cyclic Causal Structure Learningcited by 20
- 2019Identification In Missing Data Models Represented By Directed Acyclic Graphscited by 19
- 2020Structure Learning for Cyclic Linear Causal Modelscited by 13
- 2019Anchored Causal Inference in the Presence of Measurement Errorcited by 11
- 2022On Testability and Goodness of Fit Tests in Missing Data Modelscited by 4
- 2022Causal and Counterfactual Views of Missing Data Modelscited by 4
- 2023Sufficient Identification Conditions and Semiparametric Estimation under Missing Not at Random Mechanismscited by 4
- 2014Efficient Algorithms for Bayesian Network Parameter Learning from Incomplete Datacited by 3
Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2026: 1.
1 paper.
- 2026RECLAIM: Cyclic Causal Discovery Amid Measurement Noisecited by 0
- 2026RECLAIM: Cyclic Causal Discovery Amid Measurement Noise21 Mar 2026