Contamination Report for Multilingual Benchmarks
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Abstract (arXiv)
Benchmark contamination refers to the presence of test datasets in Large Language Model (LLM) pre-training or post-training data. Contamination can lead to inflated scores on benchmarks, compromising evaluation results and making it difficult to determine the capabilities of models. In this work, we study the contamination of popular multilingual benchmarks in LLMs that support multiple languages. We use the Black Box test to determine whether 7 frequently used multilingual benchmarks are contaminated in 7 popular open and closed LLMs and find that almost all models show signs of being contaminated with almost all the benchmarks we test. Our findings can help the community determine the best set of benchmarks to use for multilingual evaluation.
Key facts. Cited by 2 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 12 of its 15 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 21 Oct 2024.
Builds on
12 of 15 references.
References · 12
- 2018XNLI: Evaluating Cross-lingual Sentence Representationscited by 913
- 2019On the Cross-lingual Transferability of Monolingual Representationscited by 575
- 2021XL-Sum: Large-Scale Multilingual Abstractive Summarization for 44 Languagescited by 346
- 2020XCOPA: A Multilingual Dataset for Causal Commonsense Reasoningcited by 330
- 2023MEGA: Multilingual Evaluation of Generative AIcited by 291
- 2021Few-shot Learning with Multilingual Language Modelscited by 278
- 2019PAWS-X: A Cross-lingual Adversarial Dataset for Paraphrase Identificationcited by 262
- 2023Proving Test Set Contamination in Black Box Language Modelscited by 227
- 2023Rethinking Benchmark and Contamination for Language Models with Rephrased Samplescited by 192
- 2023Time Travel in LLMs: Tracing Data Contamination in Large Language Modelscited by 175
- 2023MEGAVERSE: Benchmarking Large Language Models Across Languages, Modalities, Models and Taskscited by 57
- 2024Data Contamination Report from the 2024 CONDA Shared Taskcited by 19
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Citing papers per year: 2025: 1; 2026: 1.
2 papers.