Debiasing Large Vision-Language Models by Ablating Protected Attribute Representations
On the map: Multimodal LLMs / vision-language models → Social bias and fairness in VLMs
Abstract (arXiv)
Large Vision Language Models (LVLMs) such as LLaVA have demonstrated impressive capabilities as general-purpose chatbots that can engage in conversations about a provided input image. However, their responses are influenced by societal biases present in their training datasets, leading to undesirable differences in how the model responds when presented with images depicting people of different demographics. In this work, we propose a novel debiasing framework for LVLMs by directly ablating biased attributes during text generation to avoid generating text related to protected attributes, or even representing them internally. Our method requires no training and a relatively small amount of representative biased outputs (~1000 samples). Our experiments show that not only can we can minimize the propensity of LVLMs to generate text related to protected attributes, but we can even use synthetic data to inform the ablation while retaining captioning performance on real data such as COCO. Furthermore, we find the resulting generations from a debiased LVLM exhibit similar accuracy as a baseline biased model, showing that debiasing effects can be achieved without sacrificing model performance.
Key facts. Cited by 6 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Placed in Social bias and fairness in VLMs, one of 16 directions in Multimodal LLMs / vision-language models. Builds on 12 of its 30 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 17 Oct 2024.
Builds on
12 of 30 references.
Closest ancestors · 5
Same direction, newest first
- 2024Uncovering Bias in Large Vision-Language Models at Scale with Counterfactuals30 May
- 2024A Unified Framework and Dataset for Assessing Societal Bias in Vision-Language Models21 Feb
- 2023Balancing the Picture: Debiasing Vision-Language Datasets with Synthetic Contrast Sets24 May
- 2023Debiasing Vision-Language Models via Biased Prompts31 Jan
- 2022A Prompt Array Keeps the Bias Away: Debiasing Vision-Language Models with Adversarial Learning22 Mar
Other references · 7
- 2023GPT-4 Technical Reportcited by 18,396
- 2021On the Opportunities and Risks of Foundation Modelscited by 4,033
- 2015Microsoft COCO Captions: Data Collection and Evaluation Servercited by 1,462
- 2023Steering Llama 2 via Contrastive Activation Additioncited by 1,085
- 2024Refusal in Language Models Is Mediated by a Single Directioncited by 1,032
- 2021Multimodal datasets: misogyny, pornography, and malignant stereotypescited by 327
- 2021Are Gender-Neutral Queries Really Gender-Neutral? Mitigating Gender Bias in Image Searchcited by 90
Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2024: 1; 2025: 2; 2026: 3.
6 papers.
- 2024Steering Large Language Models to Evaluate and Amplify Creativitycited by 4
- 2025DSO: Direct Steering Optimization for Bias Mitigationcited by 3
- 2025Bias Beyond Demographics: Probing Decision Boundaries in Black-Box LVLMs via Counterfactual VQAcited by 2
- 2026GGSS: Geodesic-Gated Spherical Steering for Inference-Time Debiasing of Generative Vision-Language Modelscited by 0
- 2026Knowing When Not to Answer: Abstention and Refusal Reasoning in Vision--Language Modelscited by 0
- 2026Gender Bias in Vision-Language In-Context Learningcited by 0
- 2026Gender Bias in Vision-Language In-Context Learning23 Sep 2026
- 2026Knowing When Not to Answer: Abstention and Refusal Reasoning in Vision--Language Models2 Sep 2026
- 2026GGSS: Geodesic-Gated Spherical Steering for Inference-Time Debiasing of Generative Vision-Language Models26 Aug 2026
- 2025DSO: Direct Steering Optimization for Bias Mitigation17 Dec 2025
- 2025Bias Beyond Demographics: Probing Decision Boundaries in Black-Box LVLMs via Counterfactual VQA5 Aug 2025
- 2024Steering Large Language Models to Evaluate and Amplify Creativity8 Dec 2024
Similar, not cited
Close in wording, no citation either way
- 2023DeAR: Debiasing Vision-Language Models with Additive Residuals
- 2024Debias your Large Multi-Modal Model at Test-Time via Non-Contrastive Visual Attribute Steering
- 2024debiaSAE: Benchmarking and Mitigating Vision-Language Model Bias
- 2024Debiasing Vison-Language Models with Text-Only Training
- 2024Uncovering Bias in Large Vision-Language Models with Counterfactuals
- 2026A Closed-Form Solution for Debiasing Vision-Language Models with Utility Guarantees Across Modalities and Tasks
- 2024A Unified Debiasing Approach for Vision-Language Models across Modalities and Tasks
- 2024BendVLM: Test-Time Debiasing of Vision-Language Embeddings