Hybrid Training Approaches for LLMs: Leveraging Real and Synthetic Data to Enhance Model Performance in Domain-Specific Applications
On the map: Synthetic data and self-improvement for LLMs → LLM synthetic data generation
Abstract (arXiv)
This research explores a hybrid approach to fine-tuning large language models (LLMs) by integrating real-world and synthetic data to boost model performance, particularly in generating accurate and contextually relevant responses. By leveraging a dataset combining transcribed real interactions with high-quality synthetic sessions, we aimed to overcome the limitations of scarce, noisy, and domain-specific real data. Synthetic personas and scenarios were employed to enhance training diversity. The study evaluated three models: a base foundational model, a model fine-tuned with real data, and a hybrid fine-tuned model. Experimental results showed that the hybrid model consistently outperformed the others in specific vertical applications, achieving the highest scores across all metrics. Further testing confirmed the hybrid model's superior adaptability and contextual understanding across diverse scenarios. These findings suggest that combining real and synthetic data can significantly improve the robustness and contextual sensitivity of LLMs, particularly in domain-specific and vertical use cases.
Key facts. Cited by 7 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Placed in LLM synthetic data generation, one of 13 directions in Synthetic data and self-improvement for LLMs. Builds on 19 of its 24 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 11 Oct 2024.
Builds on
19 of 24 references.
Closest ancestors · 4
Same direction, newest first
- 2024Balancing Cost and Effectiveness of Synthetic Data Generation Strategies for LLMs29 Sep
- 2024On LLMs-Driven Synthetic Data Generation, Curation, and Evaluation: A Survey14 Jun
- 2024Better Synthetic Data by Retrieving and Transforming Existing Datasets22 Apr
- 2024Generative AI for Synthetic Data Generation: Methods, Challenges and the Future7 Mar
Other references · 15
- 2017Attention Is All You Needcited by 59,932
- 2018BERT: Pre-training of Deep Bidirectional Transformers for Language Understandingcited by 40,204
- 2020Language Models are Few-Shot Learnerscited by 32,199
- 2019RoBERTa: A Robustly Optimized BERT Pretraining Approachcited by 13,266
- 2022Scaling Instruction-Finetuned Language Modelscited by 2,997
- 2020The Pile: An 800GB Dataset of Diverse Text for Language Modelingcited by 2,346
- 2021Datasets: A Community Library for Natural Language Processingcited by 526
- 2023Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning Methods for Pretrained Language Models: A Critical Review and Assessmentcited by 227
- 2022ZeroGen: Efficient Zero-shot Learning via Dataset Generationcited by 209
- 2019Synthetic Data for Deep Learningcited by 113
- 2022ProGen: Progressive Zero-shot Dataset Generation via In-context Feedbackcited by 67
- 2024Large Language Models in Mental Health Care: a Scoping Reviewcited by 34
3 more
- 2023LLM-empowered Chatbots for Psychiatrist and Patient Simulation: Application and Evaluationcited by 33
- 2023Read, Diagnose and Chat: Towards Explainable and Interactive LLMs-Augmented Depression Detection in Social Mediacited by 16
- 2023PsyEval: A Suite of Mental Health Related Tasks for Evaluating Large Language Modelscited by 13
Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2025: 5; 2026: 2.
7 papers.
- 2025Modeling Annotator Disagreement with Demographic-Aware Experts and Synthetic Perspectivescited by 10
- 2025Breaking the Silence: A Dataset and Benchmark for Bangla Text-to-Gloss Translationcited by 3
- 2025Artificial Conversations, Real Results: Fostering Language Detection with Synthetic Datacited by 2
- 2025Modelling and Classifying the Components of a Literature Reviewcited by 2
- 2025Beyond Real Data: Synthetic Data through the Lens of Regularizationcited by 2
- 2026Graph2Counsel: Clinically Grounded Synthetic Counseling Dialogue Generation from Client Psychological Graphscited by 2
- 2026Creating Multilingual Mental Health Dialogue Datasets: Limits of Persona-Based Localization via Nationality and Languagecited by 0
- 2026Creating Multilingual Mental Health Dialogue Datasets: Limits of Persona-Based Localization via Nationality and Language17 Jun 2026
- 2026Graph2Counsel: Clinically Grounded Synthetic Counseling Dialogue Generation from Client Psychological Graphs22 Apr 2026
- 2025Beyond Real Data: Synthetic Data through the Lens of Regularization9 Oct 2025
- 2025Modelling and Classifying the Components of a Literature Review6 Aug 2025
- 2025Modeling Annotator Disagreement with Demographic-Aware Experts and Synthetic Perspectives4 Aug 2025
- 2025Breaking the Silence: A Dataset and Benchmark for Bangla Text-to-Gloss Translation3 Apr 2025
- 2025Artificial Conversations, Real Results: Fostering Language Detection with Synthetic Data31 Mar 2025
Similar, not cited
Close in wording, no citation either way
- 2025Demystifying Synthetic Data in LLM Pre-training: A Systematic Study of Scaling Laws, Benefits, and Pitfalls
- 2024On the Diversity of Synthetic Data and its Impact on Training Large Language Models
- 2025What Matters in LLM-generated Data: Diversity and Its Effect on Model Fine-Tuning
- 2024Quality Matters: Evaluating Synthetic Data for Tool-Using LLMs
- 2023Synthetic Data Generation with Large Language Models for Text Classification: Potential and Limitations
- 2026It's All Training: A Fully Synthetic Single-Stage Recipe for LLMs
- 2026A Survey on Evaluating Quality and Trustworthiness in LLM-Generated Data
- 2026Better as Generators Than Classifiers: Leveraging LLMs and Synthetic Data for Low-Resource Multilingual Classification