mlsanityData to 14 Oct 2026

Mitigating the Risk of Health Inequity Exacerbated by Large Language Models

arXiv 2410.05180 ↗First posted 7 Oct 2024cs.CLcited by 21

Not on the map. Why?

Abstract (arXiv)

Recent advancements in large language models have demonstrated their potential in numerous medical applications, particularly in automating clinical trial matching for translational research and enhancing medical question answering for clinical decision support. However, our study shows that incorporating non decisive sociodemographic factors such as race, sex, income level, LGBT+ status, homelessness, illiteracy, disability, and unemployment into the input of LLMs can lead to incorrect and harmful outputs for these populations. These discrepancies risk exacerbating existing health disparities if LLMs are widely adopted in healthcare. To address this issue, we introduce EquityGuard, a novel framework designed to detect and mitigate the risk of health inequities in LLM based medical applications. Our evaluation demonstrates its efficacy in promoting equitable outcomes across diverse populations.

Key facts. Cited by 21 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 38 of its 67 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 7 Oct 2024.

Builds on

38 of 67 references.

References · 38

  1. 2023GPT-4 Technical Reportcited by 18,396
  2. 2024The Llama 3 Herd of Modelscited by 14,715
  3. 2020Scaling Laws for Neural Language Modelscited by 6,586
  4. 2022Large Language Models Encode Clinical Knowledgecited by 1,830
  5. 2020What Disease does this Patient Have? A Large-scale Open Domain Question Answering Dataset from Medical Examscited by 1,356
  6. 2019Publicly Available Clinical BERT Embeddingscited by 1,002
  7. 2020What Makes for Good Views for Contrastive Learning?cited by 846
  8. 2024Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning for Large Models: A Comprehensive Surveycited by 656
  9. 2023Capabilities of GPT-4 on Medical Challenge Problemscited by 638
  10. 2022MedMCQA : A Large-scale Multi-Subject Multi-Choice Dataset for Medical domain Question Answeringcited by 543
  11. 2023Towards Expert-Level Medical Question Answering with Large Language Modelscited by 384
  12. 2020Debiased Contrastive Learningcited by 356
26 more
  1. 2023Can Generalist Foundation Models Outcompete Special-Purpose Tuning? Case Study in Medicinecited by 329
  2. 2023Studying Large Language Model Generalization with Influence Functionscited by 326
  3. 2023Towards Generalist Biomedical AIcited by 289
  4. 2020What Should Not Be Contrastive in Contrastive Learningcited by 226
  5. 2023Large language models in healthcare and medical domain: A reviewcited by 127
  6. 2020Mitigating Bias in Calibration Error Estimationcited by 101
  7. 2023Fairness And Bias in Artificial Intelligence: A Brief Survey of Sources, Impacts, And Mitigation Strategiescited by 85
  8. 2024Towards Conversational Diagnostic AIcited by 79
  9. 2023Matching Patients to Clinical Trials with Large Language Modelscited by 69
  10. 2024Measuring Implicit Bias in Explicitly Unbiased Large Language Modelscited by 51
  11. 2024A Toolbox for Surfacing Health Equity Harms and Biases in Large Language Modelscited by 45
  12. 2018Contextual Hourglass Network for Semantic Segmentation of High Resolution Aerial Imagerycited by 43
  13. 2020Achieving Equalized Odds by Resampling Sensitive Attributescited by 42
  14. 2024Time Series Modeling for Heart Rate Prediction: From ARIMA to Transformerscited by 35
  15. 2023Evaluation of GPT-3.5 and GPT-4 for supporting real-world information needs in healthcare deliverycited by 30
  16. 2024Credit Card Fraud Detection Using Advanced Transformer Modelcited by 26
  17. 2024Harnessing XGBoost for Robust Biomarker Selection of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) from Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) datacited by 26
  18. 2024CU-Net: a U-Net architecture for efficient brain-tumor segmentation on BraTS 2019 datasetcited by 24
  19. 2024Enhance Image-to-Image Generation with LLaVA-generated Promptscited by 20
  20. 2024Few-Shot Fairness: Unveiling LLM's Potential for Fairness-Aware Classificationcited by 18
  21. 2024Identification of Prognostic Biomarkers for Stage III Non-Small Cell Lung Carcinoma in Female Nonsmokers Using Machine Learningcited by 17
  22. 2024Hippocrates: An Open-Source Framework for Advancing Large Language Models in Healthcarecited by 15
  23. 2023Consensus, dissensus and synergy between clinicians and specialist foundation models in radiology report generationcited by 12
  24. 2024LlamaF: An Efficient Llama2 Architecture Accelerator on Embedded FPGAscited by 12
  25. 2021Adversarial Training with Contrastive Learning in NLPcited by 6
  26. 2024Analytical Uncertainty-Based Loss Weighting in Multi-Task Learningcited by 6

Built on by

Cited by year (2026 to 14 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2024: 2; 2025: 12; 2026: 7.

21 papers.

Sort:

By area:

  1. 2026AgentLAB: Benchmarking LLM Agents against Long-Horizon Attackscited by 39
  2. 2025From Mind to Machine: The Rise of Manus AI as a Fully Autonomous Digital Agentcited by 33
  3. 2025GraphRAG under Firecited by 24
  4. 2025Does Tone Change the Answer? Evaluating Prompt Politeness Effects on Modern LLMs: GPT, Gemini, and LLaMAcited by 23
  5. 2026Task-Specific Efficiency Analysis: When Small Language Models Outperform Large Language Modelscited by 15
  6. 2026SafetyRepro: Configuration-Conditional Rank Instability on Alignment Benchmarkscited by 15
  7. 2025Adaptive Fault Tolerance Mechanisms of Large Language Models in Cloud Computing Environmentscited by 12
  8. 2026RAM: Recover Any 3D Human Motion in-the-Wildcited by 12
  9. 2025Research on Large Language Model Cross-Cloud Privacy Protection and Collaborative Training based on Federated Learningcited by 11
  10. 2025Towards Safe AI Clinicians: A Comprehensive Study on Large Language Model Jailbreaking in Healthcarecited by 10
  11. 2025Cloud-Based AI Systems: Leveraging Large Language Models for Intelligent Fault Detection and Autonomous Self-Healingcited by 10
  12. 2025MORALISE: A Structured Benchmark for Moral Alignment in Visual Language Modelscited by 10
9 more
  1. 2024Towards Foundation-model-based Multiagent System to Accelerate AI for Social Impactcited by 9
  2. 2025Data Augmentation Through Random Style Replacementcited by 9
  3. 2025Cross-Cloud Data Privacy Protection: Optimizing Collaborative Mechanisms of AI Systems by Integrating Federated Learning and LLMscited by 9
  4. 2025DLRREC: Denoising Latent Representations via Multi-Modal Knowledge Fusion in Deep Recommender Systemscited by 5
  5. 2026RASA: Routing-Aware Safety Alignment for Mixture-of-Experts Modelscited by 3
  6. 2026Emergence of Biased Consensus in Multi-Agent LLM Debatescited by 3
  7. 2024GPTDrawer: Enhancing Visual Synthesis through ChatGPTcited by 2
  8. 2025Anomaly Detection and Early Warning Mechanism for Intelligent Monitoring Systems in Multi-Cloud Environments Based on LLMcited by 1
  9. 2026Counterfactual Auditing of Bias in Open-Source Large Language Models for Clinical Triagecited by 0

Similar, not cited

Close in wording, no citation either way

  1. 2024Bias patterns in the application of LLMs for clinical decision support: A comprehensive study
  2. 2026First, Do No Harm (With LLMs): Mitigating Racial Bias via Agentic Workflows
  3. 2025Robust or Suggestible? Exploring Non-Clinical Induction in LLM Drug-Safety Decisions
  4. 2024Aligning (Medical) LLMs for (Counterfactual) Fairness
  5. 2025Elucidating Mechanisms of Demographic Bias in LLMs for Healthcare
  6. 2025HALF: Harm-Aware LLM Fairness Evaluation Aligned with Deployment
  7. 2025Dr. GPT Will See You Now, but Should It? Exploring the Benefits and Harms of Large Language Models in Medical Diagnosis using Crowdsourced Clinical Cases
  8. 2025MEDEQUALQA: Evaluating Biases in LLMs with Counterfactual Reasoning