Novel Saliency Analysis for the Forward Forward Algorithm
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Abstract (arXiv)
Incorporating the Forward Forward algorithm into neural network training represents a transformative shift from traditional methods, introducing a dual forward mechanism that streamlines the learning process by bypassing the complexities of derivative propagation. This method is noted for its simplicity and efficiency and involves executing two forward passes the first with actual data to promote positive reinforcement, and the second with synthetically generated negative data to enable discriminative learning. Our experiments confirm that the Forward Forward algorithm is not merely an experimental novelty but a viable training strategy that competes robustly with conventional multi layer perceptron (MLP) architectures. To overcome the limitations inherent in traditional saliency techniques, which predominantly rely on gradient based methods, we developed a bespoke saliency algorithm specifically tailored for the Forward Forward framework. This innovative algorithm enhances the intuitive understanding of feature importance and network decision-making, providing clear visualizations of the data features most influential in model predictions. By leveraging this specialized saliency method, we gain deeper insights into the internal workings of the model, significantly enhancing our interpretative capabilities beyond those offered by standard approaches. Our evaluations, utilizing the MNIST and Fashion MNIST datasets, demonstrate that our method performs comparably to traditional MLP-based models.
Key facts. Cited by 4 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 14 of its 31 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 18 Sep 2024.
Builds on
14 of 31 references.
References · 14
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Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2024: 2; 2025: 1; 2026: 1.
4 papers.
- 2024Saliency Assisted Quantization for Neural Networkscited by 4
- 2024Quantized and Interpretable Learning Scheme for Deep Neural Networks in Classification Taskcited by 4
- 2025NetworkFF: Unified Layer Optimization in Forward-Only Neural Networkscited by 1
- 2026Adaptive Multi-Scale Goodness Aggregation for Forward-Forward Learningcited by 0
- 2026Adaptive Multi-Scale Goodness Aggregation for Forward-Forward Learning11 May 2026
- 2025NetworkFF: Unified Layer Optimization in Forward-Only Neural Networks19 Dec 2025
- 2024Quantized and Interpretable Learning Scheme for Deep Neural Networks in Classification Task5 Dec 2024
- 2024Saliency Assisted Quantization for Neural Networks7 Nov 2024