Enabling Real-Time Conversations with Minimal Training Costs
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Abstract (arXiv)
Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated the ability to improve human efficiency through conversational interactions. Conventional LLM-powered dialogue systems, operating on a turn-based paradigm, preclude real-time interaction during response generation. To address this limitation, researchers have proposed duplex models. These models can dynamically adapt to user input, facilitating real-time interactive feedback. However, these methods typically require substantial computational resources to acquire the ability. To reduce overhead, this paper presents a new duplex decoding approach that enhances LLMs with duplex ability, requiring minimal additional training. Specifically, our method employs parallel decoding of queries and responses in conversations, effectively implementing a channel-division-multiplexing decoding strategy. Experimental results indicate that our proposed method significantly enhances the naturalness and human-likeness of user-AI interactions with minimal training costs.
Key facts. Cited by 6 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 19 of its 32 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 18 Sep 2024.
Builds on
19 of 32 references.
References · 19
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7 more
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Citing papers per year: 2025: 6.
6 papers.
- 2025On The Landscape of Spoken Language Models: A Comprehensive Surveycited by 116
- 2025Full-Duplex-Bench: A Benchmark to Evaluate Full-duplex Spoken Dialogue Models on Turn-taking Capabilitiescited by 94
- 2025OmniMMI: A Comprehensive Multi-modal Interaction Benchmark in Streaming Video Contextscited by 48
- 2025FLM-Audio: Natural Monologues Improves Native Full-Duplex Chatbots via Dual Trainingcited by 9
- 2025DuplexMamba: Enhancing Real-time Speech Conversations with Duplex and Streaming Capabilitiescited by 5
- 2025Chain-of-Thought Reasoning in Streaming Full-Duplex End-to-End Spoken Dialogue Systemscited by 4
- 2025Chain-of-Thought Reasoning in Streaming Full-Duplex End-to-End Spoken Dialogue Systems2 Oct 2025
- 2025FLM-Audio: Natural Monologues Improves Native Full-Duplex Chatbots via Dual Training2 Sep 2025
- 2025On The Landscape of Spoken Language Models: A Comprehensive Survey11 Apr 2025
- 2025OmniMMI: A Comprehensive Multi-modal Interaction Benchmark in Streaming Video Contexts29 Mar 2025
- 2025Full-Duplex-Bench: A Benchmark to Evaluate Full-duplex Spoken Dialogue Models on Turn-taking Capabilities6 Mar 2025
- 2025DuplexMamba: Enhancing Real-time Speech Conversations with Duplex and Streaming Capabilities16 Feb 2025
Similar, not cited
Close in wording, no citation either way
- 2026BayLing-Duplex: Native Full-Duplex Speech Dialogue with a Single Autoregressive LLM
- 2026Unit-Based Agent for Semi-Cascaded Full-Duplex Dialogue Systems
- 2024Beyond Turn-Based Interfaces: Synchronous LLMs as Full-Duplex Dialogue Agents
- 2024SALMONN-omni: A Codec-free LLM for Full-duplex Speech Understanding and Generation
- 2026Multi-Faceted Interactivity Alignment in Full-Duplex Speech Models
- 2024Impact of Decoding Methods on Human Alignment of Conversational LLMs
- 2025LoopServe: An Adaptive Dual-phase LLM Inference Acceleration System for Multi-Turn Dialogues
- 2026SOMA: Efficient Multi-turn LLM Serving via Small Language Model