mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

NYK-MS: A Well-annotated Multi-modal Metaphor and Sarcasm Understanding Benchmark on Cartoon-Caption Dataset

arXiv 2409.01037 ↗First posted 2 Sep 2024cs.CLcited by 1

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Abstract (arXiv)

Metaphor and sarcasm are common figurative expressions in people's communication, especially on the Internet or the memes popular among teenagers. We create a new benchmark named NYK-MS (NewYorKer for Metaphor and Sarcasm), which contains 1,583 samples for metaphor understanding tasks and 1,578 samples for sarcasm understanding tasks. These tasks include whether it contains metaphor/sarcasm, which word or object contains metaphor/sarcasm, what does it satirize and why does it contains metaphor/sarcasm, all of the 7 tasks are well-annotated by at least 3 annotators. We annotate the dataset for several rounds to improve the consistency and quality, and use GUI and GPT-4V to raise our efficiency. Based on the benchmark, we conduct plenty of experiments. In the zero-shot experiments, we show that Large Language Models (LLM) and Large Multi-modal Models (LMM) can't do classification task well, and as the scale increases, the performance on other 5 tasks improves. In the experiments on traditional pre-train models, we show the enhancement with augment and alignment methods, which prove our benchmark is consistent with previous dataset and requires the model to understand both of the two modalities.

Key facts. Cited by 1 paper in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 16 of its 35 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 2 Sep 2024.

Builds on

16 of 35 references.

References · 16

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  2. 2021Learning Transferable Visual Models From Natural Language Supervisioncited by 33,456
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  8. 2022BLIP: Bootstrapping Language-Image Pre-training for Unified Vision-Language Understanding and Generationcited by 4,310
  9. 2013Sinkhorn Distances: Lightspeed Computation of Optimal Transportation Distancescited by 2,277
  10. 2022Do Androids Laugh at Electric Sheep? Humor "Understanding" Benchmarks from The New Yorker Caption Contestcited by 98
  11. 2023Multimodal Optimal Transport-based Co-Attention Transformer with Global Structure Consistency for Survival Predictioncited by 86
  12. 2021MelBERT: Metaphor Detection via Contextualized Late Interaction using Metaphorical Identification Theoriescited by 46
4 more
  1. 2021Multimodal Learning using Optimal Transport for Sarcasm and Humor Detectioncited by 36
  2. 2022MetaCLUE: Towards Comprehensive Visual Metaphors Researchcited by 28
  3. 2015Humor in Collective Discourse: Unsupervised Funniness Detection in the New Yorker Cartoon Caption Contestcited by 16
  4. 2024Distilling Privileged Multimodal Information for Expression Recognition using Optimal Transportcited by 15

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Citing papers per year: 2026: 1.

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  1. 2025Hummus: A Dataset of Humorous Multimodal Metaphor Use
  2. 2025Evaluating Open-Source Vision-Language Models for Multimodal Sarcasm Detection
  3. 2025Can Large Vision-Language Models Understand Multimodal Sarcasm?
  4. 2025Seeing Sarcasm Through Different Eyes: Analyzing Multimodal Sarcasm Perception in Large Vision-Language Models
  5. 2025MuSaG: A Multimodal German Sarcasm Dataset with Full-Modal Annotations
  6. 2024SarcasmBench: Towards Evaluating Large Language Models on Sarcasm Understanding
  7. 2025IRONIC: Coherence-Aware Reasoning Chains for Multi-Modal Sarcasm Detection
  8. 2026I Came, I Saw, I Explained: Benchmarking Multimodal LLMs on Figurative Meaning in Memes