Empowering Low-Resource Language ASR via Large-Scale Pseudo Labeling
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Abstract (arXiv)
In this study, we tackle the challenge of limited labeled data for low-resource languages in ASR, focusing on Hindi. Specifically, we explore pseudo-labeling, by proposing a generic framework combining multiple ideas from existing works. Our framework integrates multiple base models for transcription and evaluators for assessing audio-transcript pairs, resulting in robust pseudo-labeling for low resource languages. We validate our approach with a new benchmark, IndicYT, comprising diverse YouTube audio files from multiple content categories. Our findings show that augmenting pseudo labeled data from YouTube with existing training data leads to significant performance improvements on IndicYT, without affecting performance on out-of-domain benchmarks, demonstrating the efficacy of pseudo-labeled data in enhancing ASR capabilities for low-resource languages. The benchmark, code and models developed as a part of this work will be made publicly available.
Key facts. Cited by 5 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 21 of its 24 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 26 Aug 2024.
Builds on
21 of 24 references.
References · 21
- 2022Robust Speech Recognition via Large-Scale Weak Supervisioncited by 4,057
- 2020Conformer: Convolution-augmented Transformer for Speech Recognitioncited by 1,863
- 2023Scaling Speech Technology to 1,000+ Languagescited by 411
- 2019NeMo: a toolkit for building AI applications using Neural Modulescited by 235
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- 2020Improved Noisy Student Training for Automatic Speech Recognitioncited by 141
- 2023SONAR: Sentence-Level Multimodal and Language-Agnostic Representationscited by 108
- 2020Iterative Pseudo-Labeling for Speech Recognitioncited by 83
- 2020SlimIPL: Language-Model-Free Iterative Pseudo-Labelingcited by 54
- 2019Unsupervised Domain Adaptation via Structured Prediction Based Selective Pseudo-Labelingcited by 53
- 2021Towards Building ASR Systems for the Next Billion Userscited by 47
- 2024IndicVoices: Towards building an Inclusive Multilingual Speech Dataset for Indian Languagescited by 41
9 more
- 2021Pseudo-Labeling for Massively Multilingual Speech Recognitioncited by 24
- 2023Vistaar: Diverse Benchmarks and Training Sets for Indian Language ASRcited by 21
- 2022Effectiveness of Mining Audio and Text Pairs from Public Data for Improving ASR Systems for Low-Resource Languagescited by 16
- 2022A Study of Transducer based End-to-End ASR with ESPnet: Architecture, Auxiliary Loss and Decoding Strategiescited by 15
- 2023SPRING-INX: A Multilingual Indian Language Speech Corpus by SPRING Lab, IIT Madrascited by 11
- 2022Fast Entropy-Based Methods of Word-Level Confidence Estimation for End-To-End Automatic Speech Recognitioncited by 7
- 2022Improving Noisy Student Training on Non-target Domain Data for Automatic Speech Recognitioncited by 5
- 2021Iterative Pseudo-Labeling with Deep Feature Annotation and Confidence-Based Samplingcited by 4
- 2023Pseudo-Labeling for Domain-Agnostic Bangla Automatic Speech Recognitioncited by 4
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Citing papers per year: 2024: 1; 2025: 2; 2026: 2.
5 papers.
- 2024SMILE: Speech Meta In-Context Learning for Low-Resource Language Automatic Speech Recognitioncited by 4
- 2025Methods to Increase the Amount of Data for Speech Recognition for Low Resource Languagescited by 0
- 2025Enabling automatic transcription of child-centered audio recordings from real-world environmentscited by 0
- 2026Sometin Beta Pass Notin: Improving Multilingual ASR for Nigerian Languages via Knowledge Distillationcited by 0
- 2026Error Rate is Not Enough: Costs of Augmentation in Low-Resource ASRcited by 0
- 2026Error Rate is Not Enough: Costs of Augmentation in Low-Resource ASR9 Oct 2026
- 2026Sometin Beta Pass Notin: Improving Multilingual ASR for Nigerian Languages via Knowledge Distillation18 May 2026
- 2025Enabling automatic transcription of child-centered audio recordings from real-world environments13 Jun 2025
- 2025Methods to Increase the Amount of Data for Speech Recognition for Low Resource Languages8 Jan 2025
- 2024SMILE: Speech Meta In-Context Learning for Low-Resource Language Automatic Speech Recognition16 Sep 2024