Moderator: Moderating Text-to-Image Diffusion Models through Fine-grained Context-based Policies
On the map: Diffusion models → Image generation, text-to-image and editing
Abstract (arXiv)
We present Moderator, a policy-based model management system that allows administrators to specify fine-grained content moderation policies and modify the weights of a text-to-image (TTI) model to make it significantly more challenging for users to produce images that violate the policies. In contrast to existing general-purpose model editing techniques, which unlearn concepts without considering the associated contexts, Moderator allows admins to specify what content should be moderated, under which context, how it should be moderated, and why moderation is necessary. Given a set of policies, Moderator first prompts the original model to generate images that need to be moderated, then uses these self-generated images to reverse fine-tune the model to compute task vectors for moderation and finally negates the original model with the task vectors to decrease its performance in generating moderated content. We evaluated Moderator with 14 participants to play the role of admins and found they could quickly learn and author policies to pass unit tests in approximately 2.29 policy iterations. Our experiment with 32 stable diffusion users suggested that Moderator can prevent 65% of users from generating moderated content under 15 attempts and require the remaining users an average of 8.3 times more attempts to generate undesired content.
Key facts. Cited by 15 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Placed in Image generation, text-to-image and editing, one of 14 directions in Diffusion models. Builds on 29 of its 86 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 14 Aug 2024.
Builds on
29 of 86 references.
Closest ancestors · 2
Same direction, newest first
- 2023SnapFusion: Text-to-Image Diffusion Model on Mobile Devices within Two Seconds1 Jun
- 2022DE-FAKE: Detection and Attribution of Fake Images Generated by Text-to-Image Generation Models13 Oct
Other references · 27
- 2023Judging LLM-as-a-Judge with MT-Bench and Chatbot Arenacited by 8,393
- 2022BLIP: Bootstrapping Language-Image Pre-training for Unified Vision-Language Understanding and Generationcited by 4,310
- 2023SDXL: Improving Latent Diffusion Models for High-Resolution Image Synthesiscited by 4,290
- 2021Sparsity in Deep Learning: Pruning and growth for efficient inference and training in neural networkscited by 521
- 2019Certified Data Removal from Machine Learning Modelscited by 512
- 2022Safe Latent Diffusion: Mitigating Inappropriate Degeneration in Diffusion Modelscited by 501
- 2023Forget-Me-Not: Learning to Forget in Text-to-Image Diffusion Modelscited by 297
- 2019On the Detection of Digital Face Manipulationcited by 259
- 2022Red-Teaming the Stable Diffusion Safety Filtercited by 257
- 2023LEACE: Perfect linear concept erasure in closed formcited by 254
- 2020Modifying Memories in Transformer Modelscited by 222
- 2022Patching open-vocabulary models by interpolating weightscited by 187
15 more
- 2020When Machine Unlearning Jeopardizes Privacycited by 181
- 2023Unsafe Diffusion: On the Generation of Unsafe Images and Hateful Memes From Text-To-Image Modelscited by 171
- 2021Graph Unlearningcited by 129
- 2022Narcissus: A Practical Clean-Label Backdoor Attack with Limited Informationcited by 102
- 2021Backdoor Pre-trained Models Can Transfer to Allcited by 79
- 2021Do Language Models Have Beliefs? Methods for Detecting, Updating, and Visualizing Model Beliefscited by 79
- 2023Evading Watermark based Detection of AI-Generated Contentcited by 74
- 2022Generated Faces in the Wild: Quantitative Comparison of Stable Diffusion, Midjourney and DALL-E 2cited by 55
- 2023Detecting Backdoors in Pre-trained Encoderscited by 53
- 2023SurrogatePrompt: Bypassing the Safety Filter of Text-to-Image Models via Substitutioncited by 32
- 2022Repairing Neural Networks by Leaving the Right Past Behindcited by 27
- 2021A Framework of Severity for Harmful Content Onlinecited by 22
- 2022A Trade-off-centered Framework of Content Moderationcited by 11
- 2023Asymmetric Bias in Text-to-Image Generation with Adversarial Attackscited by 5
- 2019PFirewall: Semantics-Aware Customizable Data Flow Control for Home Automation Systemscited by 1
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Citing papers per year: 2024: 3; 2025: 5; 2026: 7.
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- 2024AEIOU: A Unified Defense Framework against NSFW Prompts in Text-to-Image Modelscited by 7
- 2025SafeGuider: Robust and Practical Content Safety Control for Text-to-Image Modelscited by 6
- 2026Multimodal Unlearning Across Vision, Language, Video, and Audio: Survey of Methods, Datasets, and Benchmarkscited by 6
- 2025Plug-and-Play Interpretable Responsible Text-to-Image Generation via Dual-Space Multi-facet Concept Controlcited by 5
- 2024Safe Text-to-Image Generation: Simply Sanitize the Prompt Embeddingcited by 4
- 2026VidLaDA: Bidirectional Diffusion Large Language Models for Efficient Video Understandingcited by 2
- 2026Towards Building Non-Fine-Tunable Foundation Modelscited by 2
- 2026Selective Fine-Tuning for Targeted and Robust Concept Unlearningcited by 2
- 2024Revisiting Federated Fine-Tuning: A Single Communication Round is Enough for Foundation Modelscited by 1
- 2025Do Concept Replacement Techniques Really Erase Unacceptable Concepts?cited by 1
- 2026CoEditor++: Instruction-based Visual Editing via Cognitive Reasoningcited by 1
- 2025Beyond Known Fakes: Generalized Detection of AI-Generated Images via Post-hoc Distribution Alignmentcited by 0
- 2026RaMark: Radioactive Watermarking for Generated Tabular Data10 Jul 2026
- 2026Multimodal Unlearning Across Vision, Language, Video, and Audio: Survey of Methods, Datasets, and Benchmarks8 Jul 2026
- 2026CHAIRO: Contextual Hierarchical Analogical Induction and Reasoning Optimization for LLMs12 Apr 2026
- 2026Selective Fine-Tuning for Targeted and Robust Concept Unlearning8 Feb 2026
- 2026CoEditor++: Instruction-based Visual Editing via Cognitive Reasoning31 Jan 2026
- 2026Towards Building Non-Fine-Tunable Foundation Models31 Jan 2026
- 2026VidLaDA: Bidirectional Diffusion Large Language Models for Efficient Video Understanding25 Jan 2026
- 2025SafeGuider: Robust and Practical Content Safety Control for Text-to-Image Models5 Oct 2025
- 2025Attacks on Approximate Caches in Text-to-Image Diffusion Models28 Aug 2025
- 2025Do Concept Replacement Techniques Really Erase Unacceptable Concepts?10 Jun 2025
- 2025Plug-and-Play Interpretable Responsible Text-to-Image Generation via Dual-Space Multi-facet Concept Control24 Mar 2025
- 2025Beyond Known Fakes: Generalized Detection of AI-Generated Images via Post-hoc Distribution Alignment15 Feb 2025
- 2024AEIOU: A Unified Defense Framework against NSFW Prompts in Text-to-Image Modelscited by 7
- 2025Plug-and-Play Interpretable Responsible Text-to-Image Generation via Dual-Space Multi-facet Concept Controlcited by 5
- 2024Safe Text-to-Image Generation: Simply Sanitize the Prompt Embeddingcited by 4
- 2026VidLaDA: Bidirectional Diffusion Large Language Models for Efficient Video Understandingcited by 2
- 2026Towards Building Non-Fine-Tunable Foundation Modelscited by 2
- 2024Revisiting Federated Fine-Tuning: A Single Communication Round is Enough for Foundation Modelscited by 1
- 2025Beyond Known Fakes: Generalized Detection of AI-Generated Images via Post-hoc Distribution Alignmentcited by 0
- 2026Towards Building Non-Fine-Tunable Foundation Models31 Jan 2026
- 2026VidLaDA: Bidirectional Diffusion Large Language Models for Efficient Video Understanding25 Jan 2026
- 2025Plug-and-Play Interpretable Responsible Text-to-Image Generation via Dual-Space Multi-facet Concept Control24 Mar 2025
- 2025Beyond Known Fakes: Generalized Detection of AI-Generated Images via Post-hoc Distribution Alignment15 Feb 2025
- 2024AEIOU: A Unified Defense Framework against NSFW Prompts in Text-to-Image Models24 Dec 2024
- 2024Revisiting Federated Fine-Tuning: A Single Communication Round is Enough for Foundation Models5 Dec 2024
- 2024Safe Text-to-Image Generation: Simply Sanitize the Prompt Embedding15 Nov 2024
Similar, not cited
Close in wording, no citation either way
- 2026Can Foundation Models Moderate Online Content? Evaluating Instruction- vs. Example-Driven Policy Operationalization
- 2025Detect-and-Guide: Self-regulation of Diffusion Models for Safe Text-to-Image Generation via Guideline Token Optimization
- 2024ICM-Assistant: Instruction-tuning Multimodal Large Language Models for Rule-based Explainable Image Content Moderation
- 2026i1: A Simple and Fully Open Recipe for Strong Text-to-Image Models
- 2026HPSD: Hybrid-Policy Self-Distillation for Text-Image-to-Video Diffusion Models
- 2024Safeguard Text-to-Image Diffusion Models with Human Feedback Inversion
- 2023SEGA: Instructing Text-to-Image Models using Semantic Guidance
- 2023Unified Concept Editing in Diffusion Models