PSM: Learning Probabilistic Embeddings for Multi-scale Zero-Shot Soundscape Mapping
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Abstract (arXiv)
A soundscape is defined by the acoustic environment a person perceives at a location. In this work, we propose a framework for mapping soundscapes across the Earth. Since soundscapes involve sound distributions that span varying spatial scales, we represent locations with multi-scale satellite imagery and learn a joint representation among this imagery, audio, and text. To capture the inherent uncertainty in the soundscape of a location, we design the representation space to be probabilistic. We also fuse ubiquitous metadata (including geolocation, time, and data source) to enable learning of spatially and temporally dynamic representations of soundscapes. We demonstrate the utility of our framework by creating large-scale soundscape maps integrating both audio and text with temporal control. To facilitate future research on this task, we also introduce a large-scale dataset, GeoSound, containing over 300k geotagged audio samples paired with both low- and high-resolution satellite imagery. We demonstrate that our method outperforms the existing state-of-the-art on both GeoSound and the existing SoundingEarth dataset. Our dataset and code is available at https://github.com/mvrl/PSM.
Key facts. Cited by 4 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 18 of its 48 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 13 Aug 2024.
Builds on
18 of 48 references.
References · 18
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6 more
- 2020Look, Listen, and Attend: Co-Attention Network for Self-Supervised Audio-Visual Representation Learningcited by 63
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Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2025: 3; 2026: 1.
4 papers.
- 2025RANGE: Retrieval Augmented Neural Fields for Multi-Resolution Geo-Embeddingscited by 18
- 2026MetaPerch: Learning from metadata for bioacoustics foundation modelscited by 2
- 2025ProM3E: Probabilistic Masked MultiModal Embedding Model for Ecologycited by 1
- 2025Sat2Sound: A Unified Framework for Zero-Shot Soundscape Mappingcited by 0
- 2026MetaPerch: Learning from metadata for bioacoustics foundation models15 Jul 2026
- 2025ProM3E: Probabilistic Masked MultiModal Embedding Model for Ecology4 Nov 2025
- 2025Sat2Sound: A Unified Framework for Zero-Shot Soundscape Mapping19 May 2025
- 2025RANGE: Retrieval Augmented Neural Fields for Multi-Resolution Geo-Embeddings27 Feb 2025