SeaLLMs 3: Open Foundation and Chat Multilingual Large Language Models for Southeast Asian Languages
Not on the map. Why?
Abstract (arXiv)
Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown remarkable abilities across various tasks, yet their development has predominantly centered on high-resource languages like English and Chinese, leaving low-resource languages underserved. To address this disparity, we present SeaLLMs 3, the latest iteration of the SeaLLMs model family, tailored for Southeast Asian languages. This region, characterized by its rich linguistic diversity, has lacked adequate language technology support. SeaLLMs 3 aims to bridge this gap by covering a comprehensive range of languages spoken in this region, including English, Chinese, Indonesian, Vietnamese, Thai, Tagalog, Malay, Burmese, Khmer, Lao, Tamil, and Javanese. Leveraging efficient language enhancement techniques and a specially constructed instruction tuning dataset, SeaLLMs 3 significantly reduces training costs while maintaining high performance and versatility. Our model excels in tasks such as world knowledge, mathematical reasoning, translation, and instruction following, achieving state-of-the-art performance among similarly sized models. Additionally, we prioritized safety and reliability by addressing both general and culture-specific considerations and incorporated mechanisms to reduce hallucinations. This work underscores the importance of inclusive AI, showing that advanced LLM capabilities can benefit underserved linguistic and cultural communities.
Key facts. Cited by 35 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 20 of its 38 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 29 Jul 2024.
Builds on
20 of 38 references.
References · 20
- 2023LLaMA: Open and Efficient Foundation Language Modelscited by 13,958
- 2023Llama 2: Open Foundation and Fine-Tuned Chat Modelscited by 12,865
- 2023Judging LLM-as-a-Judge with MT-Bench and Chatbot Arenacited by 8,393
- 2020Measuring Massive Multitask Language Understandingcited by 7,768
- 2021Finetuned Language Models Are Zero-Shot Learnerscited by 3,747
- 2023Self-Refine: Iterative Refinement with Self-Feedbackcited by 3,317
- 2024Qwen2 Technical Reportcited by 2,076
- 2022No Language Left Behind: Scaling Human-Centered Machine Translationcited by 1,290
- 2024Gemma: Open Models Based on Gemini Research and Technologycited by 889
- 2020TyDi QA: A Benchmark for Information-Seeking Question Answering in Typologically Diverse Languagescited by 486
- 2021Measuring and Improving Consistency in Pretrained Language Modelscited by 361
- 2023MEGA: Multilingual Evaluation of Generative AIcited by 291
8 more
- 2023MADLAD-400: A Multilingual And Document-Level Large Audited Datasetcited by 180
- 2023CulturaX: A Cleaned, Enormous, and Multilingual Dataset for Large Language Models in 167 Languagescited by 172
- 2024How do Large Language Models Handle Multilingualism?cited by 148
- 2024Aya 23: Open Weight Releases to Further Multilingual Progresscited by 121
- 2023SeaLLMs -- Large Language Models for Southeast Asiacited by 104
- 2024LLaMA Beyond English: An Empirical Study on Language Capability Transfercited by 94
- 2022One Country, 700+ Languages: NLP Challenges for Underrepresented Languages and Dialects in Indonesiacited by 65
- 2023Democratizing LLMs for Low-Resource Languages by Leveraging their English Dominant Abilities with Linguistically-Diverse Promptscited by 45
Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2024: 4; 2025: 21; 2026: 10.
35 papers.
Sort:
By area:
- 2025Scaling Language-Centric Omnimodal Representation Learningcited by 19
- 2025Sailor2: Sailing in South-East Asia with Inclusive Multilingual LLMscited by 17
- 2025SEA-HELM: Southeast Asian Holistic Evaluation of Language Modelscited by 17
- 2025SEA-LION: Southeast Asian Languages in One Networkcited by 17
- 2025When Less Language is More: Language-Reasoning Disentanglement Makes LLMs Better Multilingual Reasonerscited by 16
- 2025Disentangling Language and Culture for Evaluating Multilingual Large Language Modelscited by 15
- 2025RSafe: Incentivizing proactive reasoning to build robust and adaptive LLM safeguardscited by 14
- 2025SeaExam and SeaBench: Benchmarking LLMs with Local Multilingual Questions in Southeast Asiacited by 13
- 2024Typhoon 2: A Family of Open Text and Multimodal Thai Large Language Modelscited by 12
- 2026From RAG to Agentic RAG for Faithful Islamic Question Answeringcited by 9
- 2026Understanding Multilingualism in Mixture-of-Experts LLMs: Routing Mechanism, Expert Specialization, and Layerwise Steeringcited by 8
- 2025SeaLLMs-Audio: Large Audio-Language Models for Southeast Asiacited by 7
23 more
- 2025Batayan: A Filipino NLP benchmark for evaluating Large Language Modelscited by 5
- 2025Analyzing LLMs' Knowledge Boundary Cognition Across Languages Through the Lens of Internal Representationscited by 5
- 2025Document Intelligence in the Era of Large Language Models: A Surveycited by 5
- 2025Unveiling the Influence of Amplifying Language-Specific Neuronscited by 3
- 2025FilBench: Can LLMs Understand and Generate Filipino?cited by 3
- 2026Language of Thought Shapes Output Diversity in Large Language Modelscited by 3
- 2026OpenSeal: Good, Fast, and Cheap Construction of an Open-Source Southeast Asian LLM via Parallel Datacited by 3
- 2024Representing the Under-Represented: Cultural and Core Capability Benchmarks for Developing Thai Large Language Modelscited by 2
- 2025SEALGuard: Safeguarding the Multilingual Conversations in Southeast Asian Languages for LLM Software Systemscited by 2
- 2025Toxicity Red-Teaming: Benchmarking LLM Safety in Singapore's Low-Resource Languagescited by 2
- 2026Low-rank Optimization Trajectories Modeling for LLM RLVR Accelerationcited by 2
- 2024Extracting and Combining Abilities For Building Multi-lingual Ability-enhanced Large Language Modelscited by 1
- 2025CAMEO: Collection of Multilingual Emotional Speech Corporacited by 1
- 2025Comprehensive Evaluation on Lexical Normalization: Boundary-Aware Approaches for Unsegmented Languagescited by 1
- 2025Pruning General Large Language Models into Customized Expert Modelscited by 1
- 2025Multimodal Evaluation of Russian-language Architecturescited by 1
- 2026Unlocking Cognitive Capabilities and Analyzing the Perception-Logic Trade-offcited by 1
- 2026VietJobs: A Vietnamese Job Advertisement Datasetcited by 1
- 2024Thai Financial Domain Adaptation of THaLLE -- Technical Reportcited by 0
- 2025A Benchmark Dataset and Evaluation Framework for Vietnamese Large Language Models in Customer Supportcited by 0
- 2026Injecting Knowledge from Social Science Journals to Improve Indonesian Cultural Understanding by LLMscited by 0
- 2026Phoenix-VL 1.5 Medium Technical Reportcited by 0
- 2026Reference-Grounded Data Curation for Instruction-Following Thai-English Machine Translationcited by 0
- 2026Reference-Grounded Data Curation for Instruction-Following Thai-English Machine Translation28 Sep 2026
- 2026Phoenix-VL 1.5 Medium Technical Report11 May 2026
- 2026Low-rank Optimization Trajectories Modeling for LLM RLVR Acceleration13 Apr 2026
- 2026VietJobs: A Vietnamese Job Advertisement Dataset5 Mar 2026
- 2026Unlocking Cognitive Capabilities and Analyzing the Perception-Logic Trade-off27 Feb 2026
- 2026OpenSeal: Good, Fast, and Cheap Construction of an Open-Source Southeast Asian LLM via Parallel Data2 Feb 2026
- 2026Understanding Multilingualism in Mixture-of-Experts LLMs: Routing Mechanism, Expert Specialization, and Layerwise Steering20 Jan 2026
- 2026Injecting Knowledge from Social Science Journals to Improve Indonesian Cultural Understanding by LLMs19 Jan 2026
- 2026Language of Thought Shapes Output Diversity in Large Language Models16 Jan 2026
- 2026From RAG to Agentic RAG for Faithful Islamic Question Answering12 Jan 2026
- 2025Multimodal Evaluation of Russian-language Architectures19 Nov 2025
- 2025SeaLLMs-Audio: Large Audio-Language Models for Southeast Asia3 Nov 2025
23 more
- 2025Document Intelligence in the Era of Large Language Models: A Survey15 Oct 2025
- 2025Scaling Language-Centric Omnimodal Representation Learning13 Oct 2025
- 2025Toxicity Red-Teaming: Benchmarking LLM Safety in Singapore's Low-Resource Languages18 Sep 2025
- 2025FilBench: Can LLMs Understand and Generate Filipino?5 Aug 2025
- 2025Unveiling the Influence of Amplifying Language-Specific Neurons30 Jul 2025
- 2025A Benchmark Dataset and Evaluation Framework for Vietnamese Large Language Models in Customer Support30 Jul 2025
- 2025SEALGuard: Safeguarding the Multilingual Conversations in Southeast Asian Languages for LLM Software Systems11 Jul 2025
- 2025RSafe: Incentivizing proactive reasoning to build robust and adaptive LLM safeguards9 Jun 2025
- 2025Pruning General Large Language Models into Customized Expert Models3 Jun 2025
- 2025Disentangling Language and Culture for Evaluating Multilingual Large Language Models30 May 2025
- 2025Comprehensive Evaluation on Lexical Normalization: Boundary-Aware Approaches for Unsegmented Languages28 May 2025
- 2025When Less Language is More: Language-Reasoning Disentanglement Makes LLMs Better Multilingual Reasoners21 May 2025
- 2025CAMEO: Collection of Multilingual Emotional Speech Corpora16 May 2025
- 2025Analyzing LLMs' Knowledge Boundary Cognition Across Languages Through the Lens of Internal Representations18 Apr 2025
- 2025SEA-LION: Southeast Asian Languages in One Network8 Apr 2025
- 2025SEA-HELM: Southeast Asian Holistic Evaluation of Language Models20 Feb 2025
- 2025Batayan: A Filipino NLP benchmark for evaluating Large Language Models19 Feb 2025
- 2025Sailor2: Sailing in South-East Asia with Inclusive Multilingual LLMs18 Feb 2025
- 2025SeaExam and SeaBench: Benchmarking LLMs with Local Multilingual Questions in Southeast Asia10 Feb 2025
- 2024Typhoon 2: A Family of Open Text and Multimodal Thai Large Language Models18 Dec 2024
- 2024Thai Financial Domain Adaptation of THaLLE -- Technical Report27 Nov 2024
- 2024Extracting and Combining Abilities For Building Multi-lingual Ability-enhanced Large Language Models10 Oct 2024
- 2024Representing the Under-Represented: Cultural and Core Capability Benchmarks for Developing Thai Large Language Models7 Oct 2024
- 2025Scaling Language-Centric Omnimodal Representation Learningcited by 19
- 2024Typhoon 2: A Family of Open Text and Multimodal Thai Large Language Modelscited by 12
- 2025Multimodal Evaluation of Russian-language Architecturescited by 1
- 2026Unlocking Cognitive Capabilities and Analyzing the Perception-Logic Trade-offcited by 1
- 2026Unlocking Cognitive Capabilities and Analyzing the Perception-Logic Trade-off27 Feb 2026
- 2025Multimodal Evaluation of Russian-language Architectures19 Nov 2025
- 2025Scaling Language-Centric Omnimodal Representation Learning13 Oct 2025
- 2024Typhoon 2: A Family of Open Text and Multimodal Thai Large Language Models18 Dec 2024
- 2025Sailor2: Sailing in South-East Asia with Inclusive Multilingual LLMscited by 17
- 2025SEA-HELM: Southeast Asian Holistic Evaluation of Language Modelscited by 17
- 2025SEA-LION: Southeast Asian Languages in One Networkcited by 17
- 2025Disentangling Language and Culture for Evaluating Multilingual Large Language Modelscited by 15
- 2025SeaExam and SeaBench: Benchmarking LLMs with Local Multilingual Questions in Southeast Asiacited by 13
- 2025SeaLLMs-Audio: Large Audio-Language Models for Southeast Asiacited by 7
- 2025Batayan: A Filipino NLP benchmark for evaluating Large Language Modelscited by 5
- 2025Analyzing LLMs' Knowledge Boundary Cognition Across Languages Through the Lens of Internal Representationscited by 5
- 2025Document Intelligence in the Era of Large Language Models: A Surveycited by 5
- 2025Unveiling the Influence of Amplifying Language-Specific Neuronscited by 3
- 2025FilBench: Can LLMs Understand and Generate Filipino?cited by 3
- 2026OpenSeal: Good, Fast, and Cheap Construction of an Open-Source Southeast Asian LLM via Parallel Datacited by 3
12 most cited of 24 All 24 (JSON)
- 2026Reference-Grounded Data Curation for Instruction-Following Thai-English Machine Translation28 Sep 2026
- 2026Phoenix-VL 1.5 Medium Technical Report11 May 2026
- 2026Low-rank Optimization Trajectories Modeling for LLM RLVR Acceleration13 Apr 2026
- 2026VietJobs: A Vietnamese Job Advertisement Dataset5 Mar 2026
- 2026OpenSeal: Good, Fast, and Cheap Construction of an Open-Source Southeast Asian LLM via Parallel Data2 Feb 2026
- 2026Injecting Knowledge from Social Science Journals to Improve Indonesian Cultural Understanding by LLMs19 Jan 2026
- 2025SeaLLMs-Audio: Large Audio-Language Models for Southeast Asia3 Nov 2025
- 2025Document Intelligence in the Era of Large Language Models: A Survey15 Oct 2025
- 2025FilBench: Can LLMs Understand and Generate Filipino?5 Aug 2025
- 2025Unveiling the Influence of Amplifying Language-Specific Neurons30 Jul 2025
- 2025A Benchmark Dataset and Evaluation Framework for Vietnamese Large Language Models in Customer Support30 Jul 2025
- 2025Pruning General Large Language Models into Customized Expert Models3 Jun 2025
12 newest of 24 All 24 (JSON)
Similar, not cited
Close in wording, no citation either way
- 2024Multilingual Large Language Models: A Systematic Survey
- 2024Responsible Multilingual Large Language Models: A Survey of Development, Applications, and Societal Impact
- 2024MERaLiON-TextLLM: Cross-Lingual Understanding of Large Language Models in Chinese, Indonesian, Malay, and Singlish
- 2025LaoBench: A Large-Scale Multidimensional Lao Benchmark for Large Language Models
- 2024Multilingual Large Language Model: A Survey of Resources, Taxonomy and Frontiers
- 2024Compass: Large Multilingual Language Model for South-east Asia
- 2023PolyLM: An Open Source Polyglot Large Language Model
- 2024A Survey on Multilingual Large Language Models: Corpora, Alignment, and Bias