SARO: Space-Aware Robot System for Terrain Crossing via Vision-Language Model
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Abstract (arXiv)
The application of vision-language models (VLMs) has achieved impressive success in various robotics tasks. However, there are few explorations for these foundation models used in quadruped robot navigation through terrains in 3D environments. In this work, we introduce SARO (Space Aware Robot System for Terrain Crossing), an innovative system composed of a high-level reasoning module, a closed-loop sub-task execution module, and a low-level control policy. It enables the robot to navigate across 3D terrains and reach the goal position. For high-level reasoning and execution, we propose a novel algorithmic system taking advantage of a VLM, with a design of task decomposition and a closed-loop sub-task execution mechanism. For low-level locomotion control, we utilize the Probability Annealing Selection (PAS) method to effectively train a control policy by reinforcement learning. Numerous experiments show that our whole system can accurately and robustly navigate across several 3D terrains, and its generalization ability ensures the applications in diverse indoor and outdoor scenarios and terrains. Project page: https://saro-vlm.github.io/
Key facts. Cited by 4 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 23 Jul 2024.
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Citing papers per year: 2025: 3; 2026: 1.
4 papers.
- 2025MoE-Loco: Mixture of Experts for Multitask Locomotioncited by 23
- 2025VR-Robo: A Real-to-Sim-to-Real Framework for Visual Robot Navigation and Locomotioncited by 22
- 2025Flexible Locomotion Learning with Diffusion Model Predictive Controlcited by 1
- 2026PUMA: Perception-driven Unified Foothold Prior for Mobility Augmented Quadruped Parkourcited by 1
- 2026PUMA: Perception-driven Unified Foothold Prior for Mobility Augmented Quadruped Parkour22 Jan 2026
- 2025Flexible Locomotion Learning with Diffusion Model Predictive Control5 Oct 2025
- 2025MoE-Loco: Mixture of Experts for Multitask Locomotion11 Mar 2025
- 2025VR-Robo: A Real-to-Sim-to-Real Framework for Visual Robot Navigation and Locomotion3 Feb 2025
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- 2023Interactive Navigation in Environments with Traversable Obstacles Using Large Language and Vision-Language Models
- 2024Commonsense Reasoning for Legged Robot Adaptation with Vision-Language Models
- 2025Think, Remember, Navigate: Zero-Shot Object-Goal Navigation with VLM-Powered Reasoning
- 2026AwareVLN: Reasoning with Self-awareness for Vision-Language Navigation
- 2026Hydra-Nav: Object Navigation via Adaptive Dual-Process Reasoning
- 2026PIVOT: Physically Informed Vision-Language Off-Road Traversability for Field Robot Navigation ↗