mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

Imposter.AI: Adversarial Attacks with Hidden Intentions towards Aligned Large Language Models

arXiv 2407.15399 ↗First posted 22 Jul 2024cs.CL cs.AI cs.CRcited by 6

On the map: LLM alignment / RLHF / preference optimisation → Safety alignment and jailbreak attacks

Abstract (arXiv)

With the development of large language models (LLMs) like ChatGPT, both their vast applications and potential vulnerabilities have come to the forefront. While developers have integrated multiple safety mechanisms to mitigate their misuse, a risk remains, particularly when models encounter adversarial inputs. This study unveils an attack mechanism that capitalizes on human conversation strategies to extract harmful information from LLMs. We delineate three pivotal strategies: (i) decomposing malicious questions into seemingly innocent sub-questions; (ii) rewriting overtly malicious questions into more covert, benign-sounding ones; (iii) enhancing the harmfulness of responses by prompting models for illustrative examples. Unlike conventional methods that target explicit malicious responses, our approach delves deeper into the nature of the information provided in responses. Through our experiments conducted on GPT-3.5-turbo, GPT-4, and Llama2, our method has demonstrated a marked efficacy compared to conventional attack methods. In summary, this work introduces a novel attack method that outperforms previous approaches, raising an important question: How to discern whether the ultimate intent in a dialogue is malicious?

Key facts. Cited by 6 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Placed in Safety alignment and jailbreak attacks, one of 10 directions in LLM alignment / RLHF / preference optimisation. Builds on 17 of its 29 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 22 Jul 2024.

Builds on

17 of 29 references.

Closest ancestors · 2

Same direction, newest first

  1. 2023GPT-4 Is Too Smart To Be Safe: Stealthy Chat with LLMs via Cipher12 Aug
  2. 2023Universal and Transferable Adversarial Attacks on Aligned Language Models27 Jul

Other references · 15

  1. 2017Attention Is All You Needcited by 59,932
  2. 2022Training language models to follow instructions with human feedbackcited by 15,712
  3. 2023LLaMA: Open and Efficient Foundation Language Modelscited by 13,958
  4. 2022Chain-of-Thought Prompting Elicits Reasoning in Large Language Modelscited by 12,302
  5. 2023Not what you've signed up for: Compromising Real-World LLM-Integrated Applications with Indirect Prompt Injectioncited by 1,339
  6. 2022Red Teaming Language Models with Language Modelscited by 983
  7. 2023Tree of Attacks: Jailbreaking Black-Box LLMs Automaticallycited by 619
  8. 2023Toxicity in ChatGPT: Analyzing Persona-assigned Language Modelscited by 356
  9. 2022A Holistic Approach to Undesired Content Detection in the Real Worldcited by 337
  10. 2023Multi-step Jailbreaking Privacy Attacks on ChatGPTcited by 320
  11. 2023Exploiting Programmatic Behavior of LLMs: Dual-Use Through Standard Security Attackscited by 268
  12. 2021Latent Hatred: A Benchmark for Understanding Implicit Hate Speechcited by 216
3 more
  1. 2022On Second Thought, Let's Not Think Step by Step! Bias and Toxicity in Zero-Shot Reasoningcited by 191
  2. 2023Unsafe Diffusion: On the Generation of Unsafe Images and Hateful Memes From Text-To-Image Modelscited by 171
  3. 2022Characteristics of Harmful Text: Towards Rigorous Benchmarking of Language Modelscited by 49

Built on by

Cited by year (2026 to 7 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2025: 5; 2026: 1.

6 papers.

Similar, not cited

Close in wording, no citation either way

  1. 2025Refining Input Guardrails: Enhancing LLM-as-a-Judge Efficiency Through Chain-of-Thought Fine-Tuning and Alignment
  2. 2025Security Concerns for Large Language Models: A Survey
  3. 2025ChatInject: Abusing Chat Templates for Prompt Injection in LLM Agents
  4. 2023Survey of Vulnerabilities in Large Language Models Revealed by Adversarial Attacks
  5. 2023Misusing Tools in Large Language Models With Visual Adversarial Examples
  6. 2025Early Approaches to Adversarial Fine-Tuning for Prompt Injection Defense: A 2022 Study of GPT-3 and Contemporary Models
  7. 2024Fortifying Ethical Boundaries in AI: Advanced Strategies for Enhancing Security in Large Language Models
  8. 2022Robust Conversational Agents against Imperceptible Toxicity Triggers