mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

Token-level Correlation-guided Compression for Efficient Multimodal Document Understanding

arXiv 2407.14439 ↗First posted 19 Jul 2024cs.CVcited by 22

On the map: Multimodal LLMs / vision-language models → Visual token pruning and efficiency

Abstract (arXiv)

Cropping high-resolution document images into multiple sub-images is the most widely used approach for current Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) to do document understanding. Most of current document understanding methods preserve all tokens within sub-images and treat them equally. This neglects their different informativeness and leads to a significant increase in the number of image tokens. To perform a more adaptive and efficient document understanding, we propose Token-level Correlation-guided Compression, a parameter-free and plug-and-play methodology to optimize token processing. Firstly, we propose an innovative approach for assessing the pattern repetitiveness based on the correlation between each patch tokens. This method identifies redundant tokens, allowing for the determination of the sub-image's information density. Secondly, we present a token-level sampling method that efficiently captures the most informative tokens by delving into the correlation between the [CLS] token and patch tokens. By integrating these strategies, we develop a plug-and-play adaptive compressor module that can be seamlessly incorporated into MLLMs utilizing cropping techniques. This module not only enhances the processing speed during training and inference but also maintains comparable performance. We conduct experiments with the SOTA document understanding model mPLUG-DocOwl1.5 and the effectiveness is demonstrated through extensive comparisons with other compression methods.

Key facts. Cited by 22 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Placed in Visual token pruning and efficiency, one of 16 directions in Multimodal LLMs / vision-language models. Builds on 46 of its 50 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 19 Jul 2024.

Builds on

46 of 50 references.

Closest ancestors · 2

Same direction, newest first

  1. 2024LLaVA-PruMerge: Adaptive Token Reduction for Efficient Large Multimodal Models22 Mar
  2. 2024LLaVA-UHD: an LMM Perceiving Any Aspect Ratio and High-Resolution Images18 Mar

Other references · 44

  1. 2021Learning Transferable Visual Models From Natural Language Supervisioncited by 33,456
  2. 2023Llama 2: Open Foundation and Fine-Tuned Chat Modelscited by 12,865
  3. 2023Visual Instruction Tuningcited by 7,792
  4. 2023Improved Baselines with Visual Instruction Tuningcited by 4,362
  5. 2023InstructBLIP: Towards General-purpose Vision-Language Models with Instruction Tuningcited by 2,855
  6. 2023Qwen-VL: A Versatile Vision-Language Model for Understanding, Localization, Text Reading, and Beyondcited by 2,179
  7. 2019Towards VQA Models That Can Readcited by 1,696
  8. 2022ChartQA: A Benchmark for Question Answering about Charts with Visual and Logical Reasoningcited by 1,449
  9. 2020DocVQA: A Dataset for VQA on Document Imagescited by 1,288
  10. 2023mPLUG-Owl: Modularization Empowers Large Language Models with Multimodalitycited by 1,038
  11. 2022Token Merging: Your ViT But Fastercited by 995
  12. 2021DynamicViT: Efficient Vision Transformers with Dynamic Token Sparsificationcited by 849
32 more
  1. 2023Vision Transformers Need Registerscited by 844
  2. 2024DeepSeek-VL: Towards Real-World Vision-Language Understandingcited by 718
  3. 2023CogAgent: A Visual Language Model for GUI Agentscited by 692
  4. 2023mPLUG-Owl2: Revolutionizing Multi-modal Large Language Model with Modality Collaborationcited by 545
  5. 2015Compositional Semantic Parsing on Semi-Structured Tablescited by 509
  6. 2023V*: Guided Visual Search as a Core Mechanism in Multimodal LLMscited by 459
  7. 2021InfographicVQAcited by 430
  8. 2019TabFact: A Large-scale Dataset for Table-based Fact Verificationcited by 425
  9. 2020TextCaps: a Dataset for Image Captioning with Reading Comprehensioncited by 398
  10. 2021AdaViT: Adaptive Tokens for Efficient Vision Transformercited by 360
  11. 2022Pix2Struct: Screenshot Parsing as Pretraining for Visual Language Understandingcited by 360
  12. 2023Monkey: Image Resolution and Text Label Are Important Things for Large Multi-modal Modelscited by 356
  13. 2024MM-LLMs: Recent Advances in MultiModal Large Language Modelscited by 277
  14. 2021AdaViT: Adaptive Vision Transformers for Efficient Image Recognitioncited by 228
  15. 2024mPLUG-DocOwl 1.5: Unified Structure Learning for OCR-free Document Understandingcited by 220
  16. 2024TextMonkey: An OCR-Free Large Multimodal Model for Understanding Documentcited by 173
  17. 2023mPLUG-DocOwl: Modularized Multimodal Large Language Model for Document Understandingcited by 167
  18. 2021SPViT: Enabling Faster Vision Transformers via Soft Token Pruningcited by 165
  19. 2024InternLM-XComposer2-4KHD: A Pioneering Large Vision-Language Model Handling Resolutions from 336 Pixels to 4K HDcited by 156
  20. 2021VisualMRC: Machine Reading Comprehension on Document Imagescited by 150
  21. 2023UReader: Universal OCR-free Visually-situated Language Understanding with Multimodal Large Language Modelcited by 143
  22. 2021Learned Token Pruning for Transformerscited by 138
  23. 2023DocPedia: Unleashing the Power of Large Multimodal Model in the Frequency Domain for Versatile Document Understandingcited by 106
  24. 2021Kleister: Key Information Extraction Datasets Involving Long Documents with Complex Layoutscited by 82
  25. 2020Length-Adaptive Transformer: Train Once with Length Drop, Use Anytime with Searchcited by 76
  26. 2021Token Pooling in Vision Transformerscited by 68
  27. 2024Chain-of-Spot: Interactive Reasoning Improves Large Vision-Language Modelscited by 65
  28. 2024TinyChart: Efficient Chart Understanding with Visual Token Merging and Program-of-Thoughts Learningcited by 51
  29. 2021A Unified Pruning Framework for Vision Transformerscited by 40
  30. 2022CP-ViT: Cascade Vision Transformer Pruning via Progressive Sparsity Predictioncited by 39
  31. 2024TextCoT: Zoom In for Enhanced Multimodal Text-Rich Image Understandingcited by 37
  32. 2021A Study on Token Pruning for ColBERTcited by 14

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Cited by year (2026 to 7 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2024: 3; 2025: 14; 2026: 5.

22 papers.

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  1. 2025Don't Just Chase "Highlighted Tokens" in MLLMs: Revisiting Visual Holistic Context Retentioncited by 45
  2. 2024HiRED: Attention-Guided Token Dropping for Efficient Inference of High-Resolution Vision-Language Modelscited by 27
  3. 2025LLaVA-Scissor: Token Compression with Semantic Connected Components for Video LLMscited by 25
  4. 2025A Survey of Token Compression for Efficient Multimodal Large Language Modelscited by 22
  5. 2024FocusLLaVA: A Coarse-to-Fine Approach for Efficient and Effective Visual Token Compressioncited by 21
  6. 2025FALCON: Resolving Visual Redundancy and Fragmentation in High-resolution Multimodal Large Language Models via Visual Registerscited by 20
  7. 2025Marten: Visual Question Answering with Mask Generation for Multi-modal Document Understandingcited by 20
  8. 2026PersonalAlign: Hierarchical Implicit Intent Alignment for Personalized GUI Agent with Long-Term User-Centric Recordscited by 16
  9. 2025A Token-level Text Image Foundation Model for Document Understandingcited by 13
  10. 2025PUMA: Layer-Pruned Language Model for Efficient Unified Multimodal Retrieval with Modality-Adaptive Learningcited by 11
  11. 2024freePruner: A Training-free Approach for Large Multimodal Model Accelerationcited by 7
  12. 2025Beyond Intermediate States: Explaining Visual Redundancy through Languagecited by 7
10 more
  1. 2025LightVLM: Acceleraing Large Multimodal Models with Pyramid Token Merging and KV Cache Compressioncited by 7
  2. 2025QG-VTC: Question-Guided Visual Token Compression in MLLMs for Efficient VQAcited by 4
  3. 2025ToFu: Visual Tokens Reduction via Fusion for Multi-modal, Multi-patch, Multi-image Taskcited by 2
  4. 2025AVAM: Universal Training-free Adaptive Visual Anchoring Embedded into Multimodal Large Language Model for Multi-image Question Answeringcited by 2
  5. 2025LFTR: Learning-Free Token Reduction for Multimodal Large Language Modelscited by 1
  6. 2025Doc-CoB: Enhancing Document Understanding with Visual Chain-of-Boxes Reasoningcited by 1
  7. 2026An Efficient Token Compression Framework for Visual Object Trackingcited by 1
  8. 2026DocCogito: Aligning Layout Cognition and Step-Level Grounded Reasoning for Document Understandingcited by 0
  9. 2026VISion On Request: Enhanced VLLM efficiency with sparse, dynamically selected, vision-language interactionscited by 0
  10. 2026AdaThinking-E: One-Token Entropy Regulation for Adaptive Thinkingcited by 0

Similar, not cited

Close in wording, no citation either way

  1. 2025AdaTok: Adaptive Token Compression with Object-Aware Representations for Efficient Multimodal LLMs
  2. 2025TokenCarve: Information-Preserving Visual Token Compression in Multimodal Large Language Models
  3. 2026Mutual Enhancement Between Global Tokens and Patch Tokens: From Theory to Practice
  4. 2025Token Sequence Compression for Efficient Multimodal Computing
  5. 2024mPLUG-DocOwl2: High-resolution Compressing for OCR-free Multi-page Document Understanding
  6. 2025VisionSelector: End-to-End Learnable Visual Token Compression for Efficient Multimodal LLMs
  7. 2024Filter, Correlate, Compress: Training-Free Token Reduction for MLLM Acceleration
  8. 2025Index-Preserving Lightweight Token Pruning for Efficient Document Understanding in Vision-Language Models