WONDERBREAD: A Benchmark for Evaluating Multimodal Foundation Models on Business Process Management Tasks
Not on the map. Why?
Abstract (arXiv)
Existing ML benchmarks lack the depth and diversity of annotations needed for evaluating models on business process management (BPM) tasks. BPM is the practice of documenting, measuring, improving, and automating enterprise workflows. However, research has focused almost exclusively on one task - full end-to-end automation using agents based on multimodal foundation models (FMs) like GPT-4. This focus on automation ignores the reality of how most BPM tools are applied today - simply documenting the relevant workflow takes 60% of the time of the typical process optimization project. To address this gap we present WONDERBREAD, the first benchmark for evaluating multimodal FMs on BPM tasks beyond automation. Our contributions are: (1) a dataset containing 2928 documented workflow demonstrations; (2) 6 novel BPM tasks sourced from real-world applications ranging from workflow documentation to knowledge transfer to process improvement; and (3) an automated evaluation harness. Our benchmark shows that while state-of-the-art FMs can automatically generate documentation (e.g. recalling 88% of the steps taken in a video demonstration of a workflow), they struggle to re-apply that knowledge towards finer-grained validation of workflow completion (F1 < 0.3). We hope WONDERBREAD encourages the development of more "human-centered" AI tooling for enterprise applications and furthers the exploration of multimodal FMs for the broader universe of BPM tasks. We publish our dataset and experiments here: https://github.com/HazyResearch/wonderbread
Key facts. Cited by 11 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 35 of its 68 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 19 Jun 2024.
Builds on
35 of 68 references.
References · 35
- 2023GPT-4 Technical Reportcited by 18,132
- 2022Training language models to follow instructions with human feedbackcited by 15,712
- 2022Chain-of-Thought Prompting Elicits Reasoning in Large Language Modelscited by 12,302
- 2023Judging LLM-as-a-Judge with MT-Bench and Chatbot Arenacited by 8,393
- 2022ReAct: Synergizing Reasoning and Acting in Language Modelscited by 8,355
- 2021On the Opportunities and Risks of Foundation Modelscited by 3,961
- 2021Finetuned Language Models Are Zero-Shot Learnerscited by 3,747
- 2022Do As I Can, Not As I Say: Grounding Language in Robotic Affordancescited by 2,302
- 2023WebArena: A Realistic Web Environment for Building Autonomous Agentscited by 1,908
- 2023Mind2Web: Towards a Generalist Agent for the Webcited by 1,210
- 2022WebShop: Towards Scalable Real-World Web Interaction with Grounded Language Agentscited by 1,197
- 2024OSWorld: Benchmarking Multimodal Agents for Open-Ended Tasks in Real Computer Environmentscited by 1,134
23 more
- 2023Gemini: A Family of Highly Capable Multimodal Modelscited by 810
- 2023Can Large Language Models Be an Alternative to Human Evaluations?cited by 729
- 2023CogVLM: Visual Expert for Pretrained Language Modelscited by 704
- 2023CogAgent: A Visual Language Model for GUI Agentscited by 692
- 2022MineDojo: Building Open-Ended Embodied Agents with Internet-Scale Knowledgecited by 469
- 2024WorkArena: How Capable Are Web Agents at Solving Common Knowledge Work Tasks?cited by 348
- 2023Android in the Wild: A Large-Scale Dataset for Android Device Controlcited by 314
- 2023Effective Long-Context Scaling of Foundation Modelscited by 301
- 2023A Survey of Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedbackcited by 259
- 2024OS-Copilot: Towards Generalist Computer Agents with Self-Improvementcited by 203
- 2024WebLINX: Real-World Website Navigation with Multi-Turn Dialoguecited by 177
- 2024UFO: A UI-Focused Agent for Windows OS Interactioncited by 147
- 2023GPT-4V in Wonderland: Large Multimodal Models for Zero-Shot Smartphone GUI Navigationcited by 137
- 2024ScreenAI: A Vision-Language Model for UI and Infographics Understandingcited by 97
- 2023ReST meets ReAct: Self-Improvement for Multi-Step Reasoning LLM Agentcited by 78
- 2024Many-Shot In-Context Learning in Multimodal Foundation Modelscited by 64
- 2023Aligning Large Language Models with Human: A Surveycited by 31
- 2023Large Language Models for Business Process Management: Opportunities and Challengescited by 24
- 2024Automating the Enterprise with Foundation Modelscited by 14
- 2023Leveraging Large Language Models (LLMs) for Process Mining (Technical Report)cited by 9
- 2024How well can a large language model explain business processes as perceived by users?cited by 8
- 2020Towards Intelligent Robotic Process Automation for BPMerscited by 5
- 2023Conversational Process Modeling: Can Generative AI Empower Domain Experts in Creating and Redesigning Process Models?cited by 4
Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2024: 2; 2025: 5; 2026: 4.
11 papers.
- 2025OpenCUA: Open Foundations for Computer-Use Agentscited by 151
- 2024Spider2-V: How Far Are Multimodal Agents From Automating Data Science and Engineering Workflows?cited by 55
- 2025DABstep: Data Agent Benchmark for Multi-step Reasoningcited by 44
- 2026OSWorld 2.0: Benchmarking Computer Use Agents on Long-Horizon Real-World Taskscited by 29
- 2025Agentic Plan Caching: Test-Time Memory for Fast and Cost-Efficient LLM Agentscited by 23
- 2025How Do AI Agents Do Human Work? Comparing AI and Human Workflows Across Diverse Occupationscited by 17
- 2024PM-LLM-Benchmark: Evaluating Large Language Models on Process Mining Taskscited by 16
- 2025Multi-Modal Vision vs. Text-Based Parsing: Benchmarking LLM Strategies for Invoice Processingcited by 1
- 2026Assessing the Business Process Modeling Competences of Large Language Modelscited by 1
- 2026WebRetriever: A Large-Scale Comprehensive Benchmark for Efficient Web Agent Evaluationcited by 0
- 2026ShowTellArena: Evaluating Business Workflow Understanding from Demonstrationscited by 0
- 2026ShowTellArena: Evaluating Business Workflow Understanding from Demonstrations21 Sep 2026
- 2026WebRetriever: A Large-Scale Comprehensive Benchmark for Efficient Web Agent Evaluation7 Jul 2026
- 2026OSWorld 2.0: Benchmarking Computer Use Agents on Long-Horizon Real-World Tasks28 Jun 2026
- 2026Assessing the Business Process Modeling Competences of Large Language Models29 Jan 2026
- 2025How Do AI Agents Do Human Work? Comparing AI and Human Workflows Across Diverse Occupations26 Oct 2025
- 2025Multi-Modal Vision vs. Text-Based Parsing: Benchmarking LLM Strategies for Invoice Processing29 Aug 2025
- 2025OpenCUA: Open Foundations for Computer-Use Agents12 Aug 2025
- 2025DABstep: Data Agent Benchmark for Multi-step Reasoning30 Jun 2025
- 2025Agentic Plan Caching: Test-Time Memory for Fast and Cost-Efficient LLM Agents17 Jun 2025
- 2024PM-LLM-Benchmark: Evaluating Large Language Models on Process Mining Tasks18 Jul 2024
- 2024Spider2-V: How Far Are Multimodal Agents From Automating Data Science and Engineering Workflows?15 Jul 2024