Label-aware Hard Negative Sampling Strategies with Momentum Contrastive Learning for Implicit Hate Speech Detection
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Abstract (arXiv)
Detecting implicit hate speech that is not directly hateful remains a challenge. Recent research has attempted to detect implicit hate speech by applying contrastive learning to pre-trained language models such as BERT and RoBERTa, but the proposed models still do not have a significant advantage over cross-entropy loss-based learning. We found that contrastive learning based on randomly sampled batch data does not encourage the model to learn hard negative samples. In this work, we propose Label-aware Hard Negative sampling strategies (LAHN) that encourage the model to learn detailed features from hard negative samples, instead of naive negative samples in random batch, using momentum-integrated contrastive learning. LAHN outperforms the existing models for implicit hate speech detection both in- and cross-datasets. The code is available at https://github.com/Hanyang-HCC-Lab/LAHN
Key facts. Cited by 4 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 26 of its 38 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 12 Jun 2024.
Builds on
26 of 38 references.
References · 26
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14 more
- 2020Supervised Contrastive Learning for Pre-trained Language Model Fine-tuningcited by 276
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Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2024: 1; 2025: 2; 2026: 1.
4 papers.
- 2024On the Risk of Evidence Pollution for Malicious Social Text Detection in the Era of LLMscited by 5
- 2025Specializing General-purpose LLM Embeddings for Implicit Hate Speech Detection across Datasetscited by 1
- 2025SMARTER: A Data-efficient Framework to Improve Toxicity Detection with Explanation via Self-augmenting Large Language Modelscited by 0
- 2026Can Large Language Models Differentiate Harmful from Argumentative Essays? Steps Toward Ethical Essay Scoringcited by 0
- 2026Can Large Language Models Differentiate Harmful from Argumentative Essays? Steps Toward Ethical Essay Scoring9 Jan 2026
- 2025SMARTER: A Data-efficient Framework to Improve Toxicity Detection with Explanation via Self-augmenting Large Language Models18 Sep 2025
- 2025Specializing General-purpose LLM Embeddings for Implicit Hate Speech Detection across Datasets28 Aug 2025
- 2024On the Risk of Evidence Pollution for Malicious Social Text Detection in the Era of LLMs16 Oct 2024