mlsanityData to 13 Oct 2026

Seeing the Image: Prioritizing Visual Correlation by Contrastive Alignment

arXiv 2405.17871 ↗First posted 28 May 2024cs.CV cs.AI cs.CLcited by 19

On the map: Multimodal LLMs / vision-language models → MLLM training and visual instruction tuning

Abstract (arXiv)

Existing image-text modality alignment in Vision Language Models (VLMs) treats each text token equally in an autoregressive manner. Despite being simple and effective, this method results in sub-optimal cross-modal alignment by over-emphasizing the text tokens that are less correlated with or even contradictory with the input images. In this paper, we advocate for assigning distinct contributions for each text token based on its visual correlation. Specifically, we present by contrasting image inputs, the difference in prediction logits on each text token provides strong guidance of visual correlation. We therefore introduce Contrastive ALignment (CAL), a simple yet effective re-weighting strategy that prioritizes training visually correlated tokens. Our experimental results demonstrate that CAL consistently improves different types of VLMs across different resolutions and model sizes on various benchmark datasets. Importantly, our method incurs minimal additional computational overhead, rendering it highly efficient compared to alternative data scaling strategies. Codes are available at https://github.com/foundation-multimodal-models/CAL.

Key facts. Cited by 19 papers in the map (data through 13 Oct 2026). Placed in MLLM training and visual instruction tuning, one of 16 directions in Multimodal LLMs / vision-language models. Builds on 66 of its 77 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 28 May 2024.

Builds on

66 of 77 references.

Closest ancestors · 9

Same direction, newest first

  1. 2024MMT-Bench: A Comprehensive Multimodal Benchmark for Evaluating Large Vision-Language Models Towards Multitask AGI24 Apr
  2. 2024InternLM-XComposer2-4KHD: A Pioneering Large Vision-Language Model Handling Resolutions from 336 Pixels to 4K HD9 Apr
  3. 2024InternLM-XComposer2: Mastering Free-form Text-Image Composition and Comprehension in Vision-Language Large Model29 Jan
  4. 2023ShareGPT4V: Improving Large Multi-Modal Models with Better Captions21 Nov
  5. 2023Improved Baselines with Visual Instruction Tuning5 Oct
  6. 2023Aligning Large Multimodal Models with Factually Augmented RLHF25 Sep
  7. 2023SEED-Bench: Benchmarking Multimodal LLMs with Generative Comprehension30 Jul
  8. 2023MME: A Comprehensive Evaluation Benchmark for Multimodal Large Language Models23 Jun
  9. 2023InstructBLIP: Towards General-purpose Vision-Language Models with Instruction Tuning11 May

Other references · 57

  1. 2021Learning Transferable Visual Models From Natural Language Supervisioncited by 33,588
  2. 2023GPT-4 Technical Reportcited by 18,278
  3. 2023LLaMA: Open and Efficient Foundation Language Modelscited by 14,072
  4. 2023DINOv2: Learning Robust Visual Features without Supervisioncited by 7,857
  5. 2023Visual Instruction Tuningcited by 7,827
  6. 2021Emerging Properties in Self-Supervised Vision Transformerscited by 6,915
  7. 2023BLIP-2: Bootstrapping Language-Image Pre-training with Frozen Image Encoders and Large Language Modelscited by 6,103
  8. 2022LAION-5B: An open large-scale dataset for training next generation image-text modelscited by 4,141
  9. 2022A ConvNet for the 2020scited by 3,563
  10. 2022OPT: Open Pre-trained Transformer Language Modelscited by 3,500
  11. 2023Sigmoid Loss for Language Image Pre-Trainingcited by 3,068
  12. 2023MiniGPT-4: Enhancing Vision-Language Understanding with Advanced Large Language Modelscited by 2,703
38 more
  1. 2023Qwen-VL: A Versatile Vision-Language Model for Understanding, Localization, Text Reading, and Beyondcited by 2,204
  2. 2014CIDEr: Consensus-based Image Description Evaluationcited by 2,035
  3. 2022Learn to Explain: Multimodal Reasoning via Thought Chains for Science Question Answeringcited by 1,896
  4. 2024Mixtral of Expertscited by 1,811
  5. 2023Evaluating Object Hallucination in Large Vision-Language Modelscited by 1,709
  6. 2019Towards VQA Models That Can Readcited by 1,705
  7. 2022ChartQA: A Benchmark for Question Answering about Charts with Visual and Logical Reasoningcited by 1,461
  8. 2015Microsoft COCO Captions: Data Collection and Evaluation Servercited by 1,452
  9. 2015Flickr30k Entities: Collecting Region-to-Phrase Correspondences for Richer Image-to-Sentence Modelscited by 1,355
  10. 2022CoCa: Contrastive Captioners are Image-Text Foundation Modelscited by 1,267
  11. 2023Kosmos-2: Grounding Multimodal Large Language Models to the Worldcited by 1,082
  12. 2023mPLUG-Owl: Modularization Empowers Large Language Models with Multimodalitycited by 1,040
  13. 2024Are We on the Right Way for Evaluating Large Vision-Language Models?cited by 899
  14. 2015Generation and Comprehension of Unambiguous Object Descriptionscited by 898
  15. 2016A Diagram Is Worth A Dozen Imagescited by 796
  16. 2023EVA-CLIP: Improved Training Techniques for CLIP at Scalecited by 792
  17. 2023OpenAssistant Conversations -- Democratizing Large Language Model Alignmentcited by 717
  18. 2023ConvNeXt V2: Co-designing and Scaling ConvNets with Masked Autoencoderscited by 705
  19. 2023Mitigating Object Hallucinations in Large Vision-Language Models through Visual Contrastive Decodingcited by 677
  20. 2023MiniGPT-v2: large language model as a unified interface for vision-language multi-task learningcited by 621
  21. 2022Contrastive Decoding: Open-ended Text Generation as Optimizationcited by 600
  22. 2024MathVerse: Does Your Multi-modal LLM Truly See the Diagrams in Visual Math Problems?cited by 580
  23. 2023OpenFlamingo: An Open-Source Framework for Training Large Autoregressive Vision-Language Modelscited by 563
  24. 2023RLHF-V: Towards Trustworthy MLLMs via Behavior Alignment from Fine-grained Correctional Human Feedbackcited by 407
  25. 2020TextCaps: a Dataset for Image Captioning with Reading Comprehensioncited by 398
  26. 2023DoLa: Decoding by Contrasting Layers Improves Factuality in Large Language Modelscited by 374
  27. 2024Mini-Gemini: Mining the Potential of Multi-modality Vision Language Modelscited by 362
  28. 2018DVQA: Understanding Data Visualizations via Question Answeringcited by 339
  29. 2021Self-Diagnosis and Self-Debiasing: A Proposal for Reducing Corpus-Based Bias in NLPcited by 337
  30. 2023InternLM-XComposer: A Vision-Language Large Model for Advanced Text-image Comprehension and Compositioncited by 297
  31. 2023MIMIC-IT: Multi-Modal In-Context Instruction Tuningcited by 265
  32. 2024mPLUG-DocOwl 1.5: Unified Structure Learning for OCR-free Document Understandingcited by 220
  33. 2024ALLaVA: Harnessing GPT4V-Synthesized Data for Lite Vision-Language Modelscited by 204
  34. 2024Rho-1: Not All Tokens Are What You Needcited by 132
  35. 2023PaLI-3 Vision Language Models: Smaller, Faster, Strongercited by 125
  36. 2024IBD: Alleviating Hallucinations in Large Vision-Language Models via Image-Biased Decodingcited by 118
  37. 2023The All-Seeing Project: Towards Panoptic Visual Recognition and Understanding of the Open Worldcited by 115
  38. 2024The All-Seeing Project V2: Towards General Relation Comprehension of the Open Worldcited by 90

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Cited by year (2026 to 13 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2024: 5; 2025: 12; 2026: 2.

19 papers.

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  1. 2024MLLM Is a Strong Reranker: Advancing Multimodal Retrieval-augmented Generation via Knowledge-enhanced Reranking and Noise-injected Trainingcited by 50
  2. 2024ICT: Image-Object Cross-Level Trusted Intervention for Mitigating Object Hallucination in Large Vision-Language Modelscited by 28
  3. 2025Exploring Hallucination of Large Multimodal Models in Video Understanding: Benchmark, Analysis and Mitigationcited by 20
  4. 2025LanP: Rethinking the Impact of Language Priors in Large Vision-Language Modelscited by 14
  5. 2024LLM-RG4: Flexible and Factual Radiology Report Generation across Diverse Input Contextscited by 12
  6. 2024OmChat: A Recipe to Train Multimodal Language Models with Strong Long Context and Video Understandingcited by 10
  7. 2024TG-LLaVA: Text Guided LLaVA via Learnable Latent Embeddingscited by 8
  8. 2025ProxyThinker: Test-Time Guidance through Small Visual Reasonerscited by 8
  9. 2025OmniDPO: A Preference Optimization Framework to Address Omni-Modal Hallucinationcited by 8
  10. 2025TARAC: Mitigating Hallucination in LVLMs via Temporal Attention Real-time Accumulative Connectioncited by 7
  11. 2025SAILViT: Towards Robust and Generalizable Visual Backbones for MLLMs via Gradual Feature Refinementcited by 4
  12. 2025MoIIE: Mixture of Intra- and Inter-Modality Experts for Large Vision Language Modelscited by 4
7 more
  1. 2025AsyMoE: Leveraging Modal Asymmetry for Enhanced Expert Specialization in Large Vision-Language Modelscited by 2
  2. 2025Knowledge Transfer from Interaction Learningcited by 2
  3. 2026SAVAA: Mitigating Hallucinations in LVLMs via Step-wise Adaptive Visual Attention Amplificationcited by 2
  4. 2025Decoupled Proxy Alignment: Mitigating Language Prior Conflict for Multimodal Alignment in MLLMcited by 1
  5. 2025SVAC: Scaling Is All You Need For Referring Video Object Segmentationcited by 1
  6. 2025Towards Accurate UAV Image Perception: Guiding Vision-Language Models with Stronger Task Promptscited by 1
  7. 2026Seeing Right but Saying Wrong: Inter- and Intra-Layer Refinement in MLLMs without Trainingcited by 1

Similar, not cited

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  1. 2025Symmetrical Visual Contrastive Optimization: Aligning Vision-Language Models with Minimal Contrastive Images
  2. 2024ComAlign: Compositional Alignment in Vision-Language Models
  3. 2025VISTA: Enhancing Vision-Text Alignment in MLLMs via Cross-Modal Mutual Information Maximization
  4. 2025Post-pre-training for Modality Alignment in Vision-Language Foundation Models
  5. 2023Contrastive Vision-Language Alignment Makes Efficient Instruction Learner
  6. 2025Same Content, Different Answers: Cross-Modal Inconsistency in MLLMs
  7. 2026Cross-Modal Redundancy and the Geometry of Vision-Language Embeddings
  8. 2025Better Reasoning with Less Data: Enhancing VLMs Through Unified Modality Scoring