mlsanityData to 14 Oct 2026

RAG-RLRC-LaySum at BioLaySumm: Integrating Retrieval-Augmented Generation and Readability Control for Layman Summarization of Biomedical Texts

arXiv 2405.13179 ↗First posted 21 May 2024cs.CLcited by 23

On the map: Retrieval-augmented generation → Medical and biomedical RAG

Abstract (arXiv)

This paper introduces the RAG-RLRC-LaySum framework, designed to make complex biomedical research understandable to laymen through advanced Natural Language Processing (NLP) techniques. Our Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG) solution, enhanced by a reranking method, utilizes multiple knowledge sources to ensure the precision and pertinence of lay summaries. Additionally, our Reinforcement Learning for Readability Control (RLRC) strategy improves readability, making scientific content comprehensible to non-specialists. Evaluations using the publicly accessible PLOS and eLife datasets show that our methods surpass Plain Gemini model, demonstrating a 20% increase in readability scores, a 15% improvement in ROUGE-2 relevance scores, and a 10% enhancement in factual accuracy. The RAG-RLRC-LaySum framework effectively democratizes scientific knowledge, enhancing public engagement with biomedical discoveries.

Key facts. Cited by 23 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Placed in Medical and biomedical RAG, one of 15 directions in Retrieval-augmented generation. Builds on 22 of its 47 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 21 May 2024.

Builds on

22 of 47 references.

References · 22

  1. 2017Proximal Policy Optimization Algorithmscited by 15,215
  2. 2020Retrieval-Augmented Generation for Knowledge-Intensive NLP Taskscited by 9,297
  3. 2019BERTScore: Evaluating Text Generation with BERTcited by 5,512
  4. 2020Longformer: The Long-Document Transformercited by 3,413
  5. 2022LaMDA: Language Models for Dialog Applicationscited by 1,220
  6. 2020ColBERT: Efficient and Effective Passage Search via Contextualized Late Interaction over BERTcited by 1,178
  7. 2024M3-Embedding: Multi-Linguality, Multi-Functionality, Multi-Granularity Text Embeddings Through Self-Knowledge Distillationcited by 1,073
  8. 2020On Faithfulness and Factuality in Abstractive Summarizationcited by 900
  9. 2021SummaC: Re-Visiting NLI-based Models for Inconsistency Detection in Summarizationcited by 407
  10. 2023AlignScore: Evaluating Factual Consistency with a Unified Alignment Functioncited by 288
  11. 2022LinkBERT: Pretraining Language Models with Document Linkscited by 211
  12. 2023Llama2Vec: Unsupervised Adaptation of Large Language Models for Dense Retrievalcited by 78
10 more
  1. 2020GO FIGURE: A Meta Evaluation of Factuality in Summarizationcited by 76
  2. 2023Knowledge-Augmented Reasoning Distillation for Small Language Models in Knowledge-Intensive Taskscited by 64
  3. 2021Pyserini: An Easy-to-Use Python Toolkit to Support Replicable IR Research with Sparse and Dense Representationscited by 60
  4. 2022Making Science Simple: Corpora for the Lay Summarisation of Scientific Literaturecited by 55
  5. 2022LENS: A Learnable Evaluation Metric for Text Simplificationcited by 54
  6. 2023Generating Summaries with Controllable Readability Levelscited by 24
  7. 2019Extracting Symptoms and their Status from Clinical Conversationscited by 23
  8. 2024A Comparative Study on Enhancing Prediction in Social Network Advertisement through Data Augmentationcited by 21
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  10. 2024Cross-Task Multi-Branch Vision Transformer for Facial Expression and Mask Wearing Classificationcited by 16

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Cited by year (2026 to 14 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2024: 6; 2025: 16; 2026: 1.

23 papers.

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  1. 2025From Mind to Machine: The Rise of Manus AI as a Fully Autonomous Digital Agentcited by 33
  2. 2025GraphRAG under Firecited by 24
  3. 2024Overview of the BioLaySumm 2024 Shared Task on the Lay Summarization of Biomedical Research Articlescited by 18
  4. 2024Harnessing LLMs for API Interactions: A Framework for Classification and Synthetic Data Generationcited by 17
  5. 2025Cloud-Based AI Systems: Leveraging Large Language Models for Intelligent Fault Detection and Autonomous Self-Healingcited by 10
  6. 2025Data Augmentation Through Random Style Replacementcited by 9
  7. 2025Cross-Cloud Data Privacy Protection: Optimizing Collaborative Mechanisms of AI Systems by Integrating Federated Learning and LLMscited by 9
  8. 2025User Behavior Analysis in Privacy Protection with Large Language Models: A Study on Privacy Preferences with Limited Datacited by 8
  9. 2024Exploiting Diffusion Prior for Out-of-Distribution Detectioncited by 7
  10. 2025Evaluating the Evaluators: Are readability metrics good measures of readability?cited by 6
  11. 2025Research on Cloud Platform Network Traffic Monitoring and Anomaly Detection System based on Large Language Modelscited by 5
  12. 2025Instruction Tuning and CoT Prompting for Contextual Medical QA with LLMscited by 5
11 more
  1. 2025Learning an Efficient Optimizer via Hybrid-Policy Sub-Trajectory Balancecited by 5
  2. 2024A Review of Electromagnetic Elimination Methods for low-field portable MRI scannercited by 4
  3. 2024Enhancing Exchange Rate Forecasting with Explainable Deep Learning Modelscited by 2
  4. 2024GPTDrawer: Enhancing Visual Synthesis through ChatGPTcited by 2
  5. 2025DeepRAG: Integrating Hierarchical Reasoning and Process Supervision for Biomedical Multi-Hop QAcited by 2
  6. 2025Anomaly Detection and Early Warning Mechanism for Intelligent Monitoring Systems in Multi-Cloud Environments Based on LLMcited by 1
  7. 2025Federated Learning-Based Data Collaboration Method for Enhancing Edge Cloud AI System Security Using Large Language Modelscited by 1
  8. 2025MoK-RAG: Mixture of Knowledge Paths Enhanced Retrieval-Augmented Generation for Embodied AI Environmentscited by 0
  9. 2025An Intelligent Fault Self-Healing Mechanism for Cloud AI Systems via Integration of Large Language Models and Deep Reinforcement Learningcited by 0
  10. 2025Leveraging Large Language Model for Intelligent Log Processing and Autonomous Debugging in Cloud AI Platformscited by 0
  11. 2026Slang Context-based Inference Enhancement via Greedy Search-Guided Chain-of-Thought Promptingcited by 0

Similar, not cited

Close in wording, no citation either way

  1. 2026Benchmarking Retrieval Strategies for Biomedical Retrieval-Augmented Generation: A Controlled Empirical Study
  2. 2025RAG-BioQA: A Retrieval-Augmented Generation Framework for Long-Form Biomedical Question Answering
  3. 2025ModernBERT + ColBERT: Enhancing biomedical RAG through an advanced re-ranking retriever
  4. 2024Rationale-Guided Retrieval Augmented Generation for Medical Question Answering
  5. 2023Biomedical knowledge graph-optimized prompt generation for large language models
  6. 2025fastbmRAG: A Fast Graph-Based RAG Framework for Efficient Processing of Large-Scale Biomedical Literature
  7. 2026A Hybrid Retrieval and Reranking Framework for Evidence-Grounded Retrieval-Augmented Generation
  8. 2024Improving Medical Reasoning through Retrieval and Self-Reflection with Retrieval-Augmented Large Language Models