MM-Retinal: Knowledge-Enhanced Foundational Pretraining with Fundus Image-Text Expertise
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Abstract (arXiv)
Current fundus image analysis models are predominantly built for specific tasks relying on individual datasets. The learning process is usually based on data-driven paradigm without prior knowledge, resulting in poor transferability and generalizability. To address this issue, we propose MM-Retinal, a multi-modal dataset that encompasses high-quality image-text pairs collected from professional fundus diagram books. Moreover, enabled by MM-Retinal, we present a novel Knowledge-enhanced foundational pretraining model which incorporates Fundus Image-Text expertise, called KeepFIT. It is designed with image similarity-guided text revision and mixed training strategy to infuse expert knowledge. Our proposed fundus foundation model achieves state-of-the-art performance across six unseen downstream tasks and holds excellent generalization ability in zero-shot and few-shot scenarios. MM-Retinal and KeepFIT are available at https://github.com/lxirich/MM-Retinal.
Key facts. Cited by 24 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 20 of its 37 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 20 May 2024.
Builds on
20 of 37 references.
References · 20
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Citing papers per year: 2024: 3; 2025: 12; 2026: 9.
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- 2025MM-Skin: Enhancing Dermatology Vision-Language Model with an Image-Text Dataset Derived from Textbookscited by 14
- 2025MedMoE: Modality-Specialized Mixture of Experts for Medical Vision-Language Understandingcited by 10
- 2024ViLReF: An Expert Knowledge Enabled Vision-Language Retinal Foundation Modelcited by 7
- 2025Bridging the Gap in Ophthalmic AI: MM-Retinal-Reason Dataset and OphthaReason Model toward Dynamic Multimodal Reasoningcited by 6
- 2025MM-Retinal V2: Transfer an Elite Knowledge Spark into Fundus Vision-Language Pretrainingcited by 5
- 2025Delving into Out-of-Distribution Detection with Medical Vision-Language Modelscited by 5
- 2025Continual Retinal Vision-Language Pre-training upon Incremental Imaging Modalitiescited by 5
- 2025A Survey of Multimodal Ophthalmic Diagnostics: From Task-Specific Approaches to Foundational Modelscited by 4
- 2025Semantics versus Identity: A Divide-and-Conquer Approach towards Adjustable Medical Image De-Identificationcited by 2
- 2025Boosting Medical Visual Understanding From Multi-Granular Language Learningcited by 2
- 2024Visual Question Answering in Ophthalmology: A Progressive and Practical Perspectivecited by 1
- 2024GCS-M3VLT: Guided Context Self-Attention based Multi-modal Medical Vision Language Transformer for Retinal Image Captioningcited by 1
12 more
- 2025MicarVLMoE: A Modern Gated Cross-Aligned Vision-Language Mixture of Experts Model for Medical Image Captioning and Report Generationcited by 1
- 2025HeteroRAG: A Heterogeneous Retrieval-Augmented Generation Framework for Medical Vision Language Taskscited by 1
- 2025Native Intelligence Emerges from Large-Scale Clinical Practice: A Retinal Foundation Model with Deployment Efficiencycited by 1
- 2026REVEAL: Multimodal Vision-Language Alignment of Retinal Morphometry and Clinical Risks for Incident AD and Dementia Predictioncited by 1
- 2026OphIn-500K: Curating Web-Scale Visual Instructions for Scaling Ophthalmic Multimodal Large Language Modelscited by 1
- 2026Does medical specialization of VLMs enhance discriminative power?: A comprehensive investigation through feature distribution analysiscited by 0
- 2026MedKCO: Medical Vision-Language Pretraining via Knowledge-Driven Cognitive Orchestrationcited by 0
- 2026M-IDoL: Information Decomposition for Modality-Specific and Diverse Representation Learning in Medical Foundation Modelcited by 0
- 2026Scientific Domain Knowledge Improves Vision-Language Fundus Modelscited by 0
- 2026REVEAL++: Differentiable Phenotypic Grouping for Vision-Language Retinal Modeling of Alzheimer's Disease Riskcited by 0
- 2026OPERA: Offline Policy-guided Expert Routing and Adaptation for Universal Biomedical Image Analysiscited by 0
- 2026CFCH: Coarse-Fine Collaborative Hierarchical Learning for Anterior Segment Disease Analysiscited by 0
- 2026CFCH: Coarse-Fine Collaborative Hierarchical Learning for Anterior Segment Disease Analysis26 Sep 2026
- 2026OPERA: Offline Policy-guided Expert Routing and Adaptation for Universal Biomedical Image Analysis27 Jul 2026
- 2026REVEAL++: Differentiable Phenotypic Grouping for Vision-Language Retinal Modeling of Alzheimer's Disease Risk17 Jun 2026
- 2026OphIn-500K: Curating Web-Scale Visual Instructions for Scaling Ophthalmic Multimodal Large Language Models27 May 2026
- 2026Scientific Domain Knowledge Improves Vision-Language Fundus Models4 May 2026
- 2026REVEAL: Multimodal Vision-Language Alignment of Retinal Morphometry and Clinical Risks for Incident AD and Dementia Prediction20 Apr 2026
- 2026M-IDoL: Information Decomposition for Modality-Specific and Diverse Representation Learning in Medical Foundation Model10 Apr 2026
- 2026MedKCO: Medical Vision-Language Pretraining via Knowledge-Driven Cognitive Orchestration10 Mar 2026
- 2026Does medical specialization of VLMs enhance discriminative power?: A comprehensive investigation through feature distribution analysis21 Jan 2026
- 2025Native Intelligence Emerges from Large-Scale Clinical Practice: A Retinal Foundation Model with Deployment Efficiency16 Dec 2025
- 2025Boosting Medical Visual Understanding From Multi-Granular Language Learning20 Nov 2025
- 2025Bridging the Gap in Ophthalmic AI: MM-Retinal-Reason Dataset and OphthaReason Model toward Dynamic Multimodal Reasoning22 Aug 2025
12 more
- 2025HeteroRAG: A Heterogeneous Retrieval-Augmented Generation Framework for Medical Vision Language Tasks18 Aug 2025
- 2025A Survey of Multimodal Ophthalmic Diagnostics: From Task-Specific Approaches to Foundational Models31 Jul 2025
- 2025Semantics versus Identity: A Divide-and-Conquer Approach towards Adjustable Medical Image De-Identification25 Jul 2025
- 2025Continual Retinal Vision-Language Pre-training upon Incremental Imaging Modalities24 Jun 2025
- 2025MedMoE: Modality-Specialized Mixture of Experts for Medical Vision-Language Understanding10 Jun 2025
- 2025MM-Skin: Enhancing Dermatology Vision-Language Model with an Image-Text Dataset Derived from Textbooks9 May 2025
- 2025MicarVLMoE: A Modern Gated Cross-Aligned Vision-Language Mixture of Experts Model for Medical Image Captioning and Report Generation29 Apr 2025
- 2025Delving into Out-of-Distribution Detection with Medical Vision-Language Models2 Mar 2025
- 2025MM-Retinal V2: Transfer an Elite Knowledge Spark into Fundus Vision-Language Pretraining27 Jan 2025
- 2024GCS-M3VLT: Guided Context Self-Attention based Multi-modal Medical Vision Language Transformer for Retinal Image Captioning23 Dec 2024
- 2024Visual Question Answering in Ophthalmology: A Progressive and Practical Perspective22 Oct 2024
- 2024ViLReF: An Expert Knowledge Enabled Vision-Language Retinal Foundation Model20 Aug 2024
- 2025MM-Skin: Enhancing Dermatology Vision-Language Model with an Image-Text Dataset Derived from Textbookscited by 14
- 2024ViLReF: An Expert Knowledge Enabled Vision-Language Retinal Foundation Modelcited by 7
- 2025MM-Retinal V2: Transfer an Elite Knowledge Spark into Fundus Vision-Language Pretrainingcited by 5
- 2025Delving into Out-of-Distribution Detection with Medical Vision-Language Modelscited by 5
- 2025Continual Retinal Vision-Language Pre-training upon Incremental Imaging Modalitiescited by 5
- 2025HeteroRAG: A Heterogeneous Retrieval-Augmented Generation Framework for Medical Vision Language Taskscited by 1
- 2026OphIn-500K: Curating Web-Scale Visual Instructions for Scaling Ophthalmic Multimodal Large Language Modelscited by 1
- 2026Does medical specialization of VLMs enhance discriminative power?: A comprehensive investigation through feature distribution analysiscited by 0
- 2026MedKCO: Medical Vision-Language Pretraining via Knowledge-Driven Cognitive Orchestrationcited by 0
- 2026Scientific Domain Knowledge Improves Vision-Language Fundus Modelscited by 0
- 2026OphIn-500K: Curating Web-Scale Visual Instructions for Scaling Ophthalmic Multimodal Large Language Models27 May 2026
- 2026Scientific Domain Knowledge Improves Vision-Language Fundus Models4 May 2026
- 2026MedKCO: Medical Vision-Language Pretraining via Knowledge-Driven Cognitive Orchestration10 Mar 2026
- 2026Does medical specialization of VLMs enhance discriminative power?: A comprehensive investigation through feature distribution analysis21 Jan 2026
- 2025HeteroRAG: A Heterogeneous Retrieval-Augmented Generation Framework for Medical Vision Language Tasks18 Aug 2025
- 2025Continual Retinal Vision-Language Pre-training upon Incremental Imaging Modalities24 Jun 2025
- 2025MM-Skin: Enhancing Dermatology Vision-Language Model with an Image-Text Dataset Derived from Textbooks9 May 2025
- 2025Delving into Out-of-Distribution Detection with Medical Vision-Language Models2 Mar 2025
- 2025MM-Retinal V2: Transfer an Elite Knowledge Spark into Fundus Vision-Language Pretraining27 Jan 2025
- 2024ViLReF: An Expert Knowledge Enabled Vision-Language Retinal Foundation Model20 Aug 2024
- 2025MedMoE: Modality-Specialized Mixture of Experts for Medical Vision-Language Understandingcited by 10
- 2025MicarVLMoE: A Modern Gated Cross-Aligned Vision-Language Mixture of Experts Model for Medical Image Captioning and Report Generationcited by 1
- 2026M-IDoL: Information Decomposition for Modality-Specific and Diverse Representation Learning in Medical Foundation Modelcited by 0
- 2026OPERA: Offline Policy-guided Expert Routing and Adaptation for Universal Biomedical Image Analysiscited by 0
- 2026OPERA: Offline Policy-guided Expert Routing and Adaptation for Universal Biomedical Image Analysis27 Jul 2026
- 2026M-IDoL: Information Decomposition for Modality-Specific and Diverse Representation Learning in Medical Foundation Model10 Apr 2026
- 2025MedMoE: Modality-Specialized Mixture of Experts for Medical Vision-Language Understanding10 Jun 2025
- 2025MicarVLMoE: A Modern Gated Cross-Aligned Vision-Language Mixture of Experts Model for Medical Image Captioning and Report Generation29 Apr 2025
- 2025A Survey of Multimodal Ophthalmic Diagnostics: From Task-Specific Approaches to Foundational Modelscited by 4
- 2025Semantics versus Identity: A Divide-and-Conquer Approach towards Adjustable Medical Image De-Identificationcited by 2
- 2025Boosting Medical Visual Understanding From Multi-Granular Language Learningcited by 2
- 2024Visual Question Answering in Ophthalmology: A Progressive and Practical Perspectivecited by 1
- 2024GCS-M3VLT: Guided Context Self-Attention based Multi-modal Medical Vision Language Transformer for Retinal Image Captioningcited by 1
- 2025Native Intelligence Emerges from Large-Scale Clinical Practice: A Retinal Foundation Model with Deployment Efficiencycited by 1
- 2026REVEAL: Multimodal Vision-Language Alignment of Retinal Morphometry and Clinical Risks for Incident AD and Dementia Predictioncited by 1
- 2026REVEAL++: Differentiable Phenotypic Grouping for Vision-Language Retinal Modeling of Alzheimer's Disease Riskcited by 0
- 2026CFCH: Coarse-Fine Collaborative Hierarchical Learning for Anterior Segment Disease Analysiscited by 0
- 2026CFCH: Coarse-Fine Collaborative Hierarchical Learning for Anterior Segment Disease Analysis26 Sep 2026
- 2026REVEAL++: Differentiable Phenotypic Grouping for Vision-Language Retinal Modeling of Alzheimer's Disease Risk17 Jun 2026
- 2026REVEAL: Multimodal Vision-Language Alignment of Retinal Morphometry and Clinical Risks for Incident AD and Dementia Prediction20 Apr 2026
- 2025Native Intelligence Emerges from Large-Scale Clinical Practice: A Retinal Foundation Model with Deployment Efficiency16 Dec 2025
- 2025Boosting Medical Visual Understanding From Multi-Granular Language Learning20 Nov 2025
- 2025A Survey of Multimodal Ophthalmic Diagnostics: From Task-Specific Approaches to Foundational Models31 Jul 2025
- 2025Semantics versus Identity: A Divide-and-Conquer Approach towards Adjustable Medical Image De-Identification25 Jul 2025
- 2024GCS-M3VLT: Guided Context Self-Attention based Multi-modal Medical Vision Language Transformer for Retinal Image Captioning23 Dec 2024
- 2024Visual Question Answering in Ophthalmology: A Progressive and Practical Perspective22 Oct 2024