Controllable Text Generation in the Instruction-Tuning Era
Not on the map. Why?
Abstract (arXiv)
While most research on controllable text generation has focused on steering base Language Models, the emerging instruction-tuning and prompting paradigm offers an alternate approach to controllability. We compile and release ConGenBench, a testbed of 17 different controllable generation tasks, using a subset of it to benchmark the performance of 9 different baselines and methods on Instruction-tuned Language Models. To our surprise, we find that prompting-based approaches outperform controllable text generation methods on most datasets and tasks, highlighting a need for research on controllable text generation with Instruction-tuned Language Models in specific. Prompt-based approaches match human performance on most stylistic tasks while lagging on structural tasks, foregrounding a need to study more varied constraints and more challenging stylistic tasks. To facilitate such research, we provide an algorithm that uses only a task dataset and a Large Language Model with in-context capabilities to automatically generate a constraint dataset. This method eliminates the fields dependence on pre-curated constraint datasets, hence vastly expanding the range of constraints that can be studied in the future.
Key facts. Cited by 7 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 44 of its 60 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 2 May 2024.
Builds on
44 of 60 references.
References · 44
- 2017Attention Is All You Needcited by 59,932
- 2020Language Models are Few-Shot Learnerscited by 32,199
- 2023GPT-4 Technical Reportcited by 18,132
- 2022Training language models to follow instructions with human feedbackcited by 15,712
- 2019RoBERTa: A Robustly Optimized BERT Pretraining Approachcited by 13,266
- 2021Prefix-Tuning: Optimizing Continuous Prompts for Generationcited by 3,878
- 2021The Power of Scale for Parameter-Efficient Prompt Tuningcited by 3,769
- 2023Mistral 7Bcited by 3,065
- 2019The Curious Case of Neural Text Degenerationcited by 2,881
- 2022Emergent Abilities of Large Language Modelscited by 2,483
- 2015Character-level Convolutional Networks for Text Classificationcited by 2,293
- 2020RealToxicityPrompts: Evaluating Neural Toxic Degeneration in Language Modelscited by 1,235
32 more
- 2018Hierarchical Neural Story Generationcited by 1,182
- 2015Teaching Machines to Read and Comprehendcited by 1,039
- 2019Plug and Play Language Models: A Simple Approach to Controlled Text Generationcited by 793
- 2023Instruction Tuning for Large Language Models: A Surveycited by 617
- 2021DExperts: Decoding-Time Controlled Text Generation with Experts and Anti-Expertscited by 434
- 2020GeDi: Generative Discriminator Guided Sequence Generationcited by 377
- 2021FUDGE: Controlled Text Generation With Future Discriminatorscited by 374
- 2023Defending Against Alignment-Breaking Attacks via Robustly Aligned LLMcited by 173
- 2022COLD Decoding: Energy-based Constrained Text Generation with Langevin Dynamicscited by 159
- 2021NeuroLogic A*esque Decoding: Constrained Text Generation with Lookahead Heuristicscited by 153
- 2022A Survey of Controllable Text Generation using Transformer-based Pre-trained Language Modelscited by 128
- 2016Energy-based Generative Adversarial Networkcited by 119
- 2023Controlled Text Generation with Natural Language Instructionscited by 87
- 2021NaturalProofs: Mathematical Theorem Proving in Natural Languagecited by 80
- 2022Controllable Natural Language Generation with Contrastive Prefixescited by 75
- 2023Evaluating Large Language Models on Controlled Generation Taskscited by 73
- 2023COLLIE: Systematic Construction of Constrained Text Generation Taskscited by 69
- 2022Mix and Match: Learning-free Controllable Text Generation using Energy Language Modelscited by 66
- 2022Gradient-Based Constrained Sampling from Language Modelscited by 64
- 2022Critic-Guided Decoding for Controlled Text Generationcited by 45
- 2022Controllable Text Generation with Neurally-Decomposed Oraclecited by 41
- 2023Click: Controllable Text Generation with Sequence Likelihood Contrastive Learningcited by 41
- 2023GRACE: Discriminator-Guided Chain-of-Thought Reasoningcited by 35
- 2023Inference-Time Policy Adapters (IPA): Tailoring Extreme-Scale LMs without Fine-tuningcited by 33
- 2022DisCup: Discriminator Cooperative Unlikelihood Prompt-tuning for Controllable Text Generationcited by 30
- 2023BOLT: Fast Energy-based Controlled Text Generation with Tunable Biasescited by 24
- 2018Incorporating Structured Commonsense Knowledge in Story Completioncited by 23
- 2022Controllable Text Generation with Language Constraintscited by 18
- 2021A Survey of NLP-Related Crowdsourcing HITs: what works and what does notcited by 14
- 2024ChatGPT vs Gemini vs LLaMA on Multilingual Sentiment Analysiscited by 13
- 2023Air-Decoding: Attribute Distribution Reconstruction for Decoding-Time Controllable Text Generationcited by 10
- 2023Focused Prefix Tuning for Controllable Text Generationcited by 9
Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2024: 3; 2025: 4.
7 papers.
- 2024LiSeCo: Linear Semantic Control for Language Generationcited by 20
- 2024Control Large Language Models via Divide and Conquercited by 5
- 2025Semantic Probabilistic Control of Language Modelscited by 4
- 2025LLM-driven Constrained Copy Generation through Iterative Refinementcited by 3
- 2024Fine-grained Controllable Text Generation through In-context Learning with Feedbackcited by 2
- 2025Do Retrieval-Augmented Language Models Adapt to Varying User Needs?cited by 2
- 2025AgentCTG: Harnessing Multi-Agent Collaboration for Fine-Grained Precise Control in Text Generationcited by 0
- 2025AgentCTG: Harnessing Multi-Agent Collaboration for Fine-Grained Precise Control in Text Generation17 Sep 2025
- 2025Semantic Probabilistic Control of Language Models4 May 2025
- 2025LLM-driven Constrained Copy Generation through Iterative Refinement14 Apr 2025
- 2025Do Retrieval-Augmented Language Models Adapt to Varying User Needs?27 Feb 2025
- 2024Control Large Language Models via Divide and Conquer6 Oct 2024
- 2024Fine-grained Controllable Text Generation through In-context Learning with Feedback17 Jun 2024
- 2024LiSeCo: Linear Semantic Control for Language Generation24 May 2024