An RFP dataset for Real, Fake, and Partially fake audio detection
On the map: Speech and audio language models → Anti-spoofing and adversarial audio attacks
Abstract (arXiv)
Recent advances in deep learning have enabled the creation of natural-sounding synthesised speech. However, attackers have also utilised these tech-nologies to conduct attacks such as phishing. Numerous public datasets have been created to facilitate the development of effective detection models. How-ever, available datasets contain only entirely fake audio; therefore, detection models may miss attacks that replace a short section of the real audio with fake audio. In recognition of this problem, the current paper presents the RFP da-taset, which comprises five distinct audio types: partial fake (PF), audio with noise, voice conversion (VC), text-to-speech (TTS), and real. The data are then used to evaluate several detection models, revealing that the available detec-tion models incur a markedly higher equal error rate (EER) when detecting PF audio instead of entirely fake audio. The lowest EER recorded was 25.42%. Therefore, we believe that creators of detection models must seriously consid-er using datasets like RFP that include PF and other types of fake audio.
Key facts. Cited by 1 paper in the map (data through 20 Oct 2026). Placed in Anti-spoofing and adversarial audio attacks, one of 11 directions in Speech and audio language models. Builds on 20 of its 28 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 26 Apr 2024.
Builds on
20 of 28 references.
Closest ancestors · 2
Same direction, newest first
- 2021ASVspoof 2021: accelerating progress in spoofed and deepfake speech detection1 Sep
- 2021End-to-End Spectro-Temporal Graph Attention Networks for Speaker Verification Anti-Spoofing and Speech Deepfake Detection27 Jul
Other references · 18
- 2022Robust Speech Recognition via Large-Scale Weak Supervisioncited by 4,671
- 2017Natural TTS Synthesis by Conditioning WaveNet on Mel Spectrogram Predictionscited by 1,023
- 2020Glow-TTS: A Generative Flow for Text-to-Speech via Monotonic Alignment Searchcited by 360
- 2016YouTube-8M: A Large-Scale Video Classification Benchmarkcited by 335
- 2019ASVspoof 2019: Future Horizons in Spoofed and Fake Audio Detectioncited by 235
- 2020FastPitch: Parallel Text-to-speech with Pitch Predictioncited by 204
- 2015A Light CNN for Deep Face Representation with Noisy Labelscited by 131
- 2022ADD 2022: the First Audio Deep Synthesis Detection Challengecited by 124
- 2021Diffusion-Based Voice Conversion with Fast Maximum Likelihood Sampling Schemecited by 114
- 2022FreeVC: Towards High-Quality Text-Free One-Shot Voice Conversioncited by 106
- 2020Any-to-Many Voice Conversion with Location-Relative Sequence-to-Sequence Modelingcited by 53
- 2021Half-Truth: A Partially Fake Audio Detection Datasetcited by 51
6 more
- 2021Towards End-to-End Synthetic Speech Detectioncited by 45
- 2019DiPCo -- Dinner Party Corpuscited by 42
- 2021An Initial Investigation for Detecting Partially Spoofed Audiocited by 31
- 2020DeepSonar: Towards Effective and Robust Detection of AI-Synthesized Fake Voicescited by 25
- 2022Open Challenges in Synthetic Speech Detectioncited by 8
- 2016Spoofing detection under noisy conditions: a preliminary investigation and an initial databasecited by 3
Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2026: 1.
1 paper.
- 2026Alethia: A Foundational Encoder for Voice Deepfakescited by 2
- 2026Alethia: A Foundational Encoder for Voice Deepfakes30 Apr 2026
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