SemEval-2024 Task 9: BRAINTEASER: A Novel Task Defying Common Sense
On the map: LLM reasoning → Prompting and chain-of-thought reasoning
Abstract (arXiv)
While vertical thinking relies on logical and commonsense reasoning, lateral thinking requires systems to defy commonsense associations and overwrite them through unconventional thinking. Lateral thinking has been shown to be challenging for current models but has received little attention. A recent benchmark, BRAINTEASER, aims to evaluate current models' lateral thinking ability in a zero-shot setting. In this paper, we split the original benchmark to also support fine-tuning setting and present SemEval Task 9: BRAIN-TEASER(S), the first task at this competition designed to test the system's reasoning and lateral thinking ability. As a popular task, BRAINTEASER(S)'s two subtasks receive 483 team submissions from 182 participants during the competition. This paper provides a fine-grained system analysis of the competition results, together with a reflection on what this means for the ability of the systems to reason laterally. We hope that the BRAINTEASER(S) subtasks and findings in this paper can stimulate future work on lateral thinking and robust reasoning by computational models.
Key facts. Cited by 6 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Placed in Prompting and chain-of-thought reasoning, one of 17 directions in LLM reasoning. Builds on 18 of its 57 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 22 Apr 2024.
Builds on
18 of 57 references.
Closest ancestors · 3
Same direction, newest first
- 2024AILS-NTUA at SemEval-2024 Task 9: Cracking Brain Teasers: Transformer Models for Lateral Thinking Puzzles1 Apr
- 2024MasonTigers at SemEval-2024 Task 9: Solving Puzzles with an Ensemble of Chain-of-Thoughts22 Mar
- 2022Self-Consistency Improves Chain of Thought Reasoning in Language Models21 Mar
Other references · 15
- 2018BERT: Pre-training of Deep Bidirectional Transformers for Language Understandingcited by 40,204
- 2020Language Models are Few-Shot Learnerscited by 32,199
- 2019RoBERTa: A Robustly Optimized BERT Pretraining Approachcited by 13,266
- 2022Scaling Instruction-Finetuned Language Modelscited by 2,997
- 2019PIQA: Reasoning about Physical Commonsense in Natural Languagecited by 2,818
- 2020DeBERTa: Decoding-enhanced BERT with Disentangled Attentioncited by 2,157
- 2018CommonsenseQA: A Question Answering Challenge Targeting Commonsense Knowledgecited by 1,793
- 2021Multitask Prompted Training Enables Zero-Shot Task Generalizationcited by 1,462
- 2016ConceptNet 5.5: An Open Multilingual Graph of General Knowledgecited by 1,065
- 2022Fine-Tuning can Distort Pretrained Features and Underperform Out-of-Distributioncited by 722
- 2023ReConcile: Round-Table Conference Improves Reasoning via Consensus among Diverse LLMscited by 297
- 2020COMET-ATOMIC 2020: On Symbolic and Neural Commonsense Knowledge Graphscited by 254
3 more
- 2023Large Language Models as General Pattern Machinescited by 196
- 2021RiddleSense: Reasoning about Riddle Questions Featuring Linguistic Creativity and Commonsense Knowledgecited by 60
- 2024Abdelhak at SemEval-2024 Task 9 : Decoding Brainteasers, The Efficacy of Dedicated Models Versus ChatGPTcited by 1
Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2024: 5; 2025: 0; 2026: 1.
6 papers.
- 2024Guided Profile Generation Improves Personalization with LLMscited by 19
- 2024COLUMBUS: Evaluating COgnitive Lateral Understanding through Multiple-choice reBUSescited by 5
- 2026BrainBench: Exposing the Commonsense Reasoning Gap in Large Language Modelscited by 1
- 2024DaVinci at SemEval-2024 Task 9: Few-shot prompting GPT-3.5 for Unconventional Reasoningcited by 0
- 2024iREL at SemEval-2024 Task 9: Improving Conventional Prompting Methods for Brain Teaserscited by 0
- 2024BAMO at SemEval-2024 Task 9: BRAINTEASER: A Novel Task Defying Common Sensecited by 0
- 2026BrainBench: Exposing the Commonsense Reasoning Gap in Large Language Models16 Mar 2026
- 2024Guided Profile Generation Improves Personalization with LLMs19 Sep 2024
- 2024COLUMBUS: Evaluating COgnitive Lateral Understanding through Multiple-choice reBUSes6 Sep 2024
- 2024BAMO at SemEval-2024 Task 9: BRAINTEASER: A Novel Task Defying Common Sense7 Jun 2024
- 2024iREL at SemEval-2024 Task 9: Improving Conventional Prompting Methods for Brain Teasers25 May 2024
- 2024DaVinci at SemEval-2024 Task 9: Few-shot prompting GPT-3.5 for Unconventional Reasoning19 May 2024
Similar, not cited
Close in wording, no citation either way
- 2023BRAINTEASER: Lateral Thinking Puzzles for Large Language Models
- 2024Augmenting Lateral Thinking in Language Models with Humor and Riddle Data for the BRAINTEASER Task
- 2023LatEval: An Interactive LLMs Evaluation Benchmark with Incomplete Information from Lateral Thinking Puzzles
- 2025Creativity or Brute Force? Using Brainteasers as a Window into the Problem-Solving Abilities of Large Language Models
- 2024Mothman at SemEval-2024 Task 9: An Iterative System for Chain-of-Thought Prompt Optimization
- 2024uTeBC-NLP at SemEval-2024 Task 9: Can LLMs be Lateral Thinkers?
- 2025Reasoning Riddles: How Explainability Reveals Cognitive Limits in Vision-Language Models
- 2024OlympicArena: Benchmarking Multi-discipline Cognitive Reasoning for Superintelligent AI