Xiwu: A Basis Flexible and Learnable LLM for High Energy Physics
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Abstract (arXiv)
Large Language Models (LLMs) are undergoing a period of rapid updates and changes, with state-of-the-art (SOTA) model frequently being replaced. When applying LLMs to a specific scientific field, it's challenging to acquire unique domain knowledge while keeping the model itself advanced. To address this challenge, a sophisticated large language model system named as Xiwu has been developed, allowing you switch between the most advanced foundation models and quickly teach the model domain knowledge. In this work, we will report on the best practices for applying LLMs in the field of high-energy physics (HEP), including: a seed fission technology is proposed and some data collection and cleaning tools are developed to quickly obtain domain AI-Ready dataset; a just-in-time learning system is implemented based on the vector store technology; an on-the-fly fine-tuning system has been developed to facilitate rapid training under a specified foundation model. The results show that Xiwu can smoothly switch between foundation models such as LLaMA, Vicuna, ChatGLM and Grok-1. The trained Xiwu model is significantly outperformed the benchmark model on the HEP knowledge question-and-answering and code generation. This strategy significantly enhances the potential for growth of our model's performance, with the hope of surpassing GPT-4 as it evolves with the development of open-source models. This work provides a customized LLM for the field of HEP, while also offering references for applying LLM to other fields, the corresponding codes are available on Github.
Key facts. Cited by 7 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 32 of its 52 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 8 Apr 2024.
Builds on
32 of 52 references.
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Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2024: 1; 2025: 3; 2026: 3.
7 papers.
- 2025From AI for Science to Agentic Science: A Survey on Autonomous Scientific Discoverycited by 74
- 2025A Survey of Scientific Large Language Models: From Data Foundations to Agent Frontierscited by 34
- 2025Automating High Energy Physics Data Analysis with LLM-Powered Agentscited by 10
- 2026AI Agents Can Already Autonomously Perform Experimental High Energy Physicscited by 10
- 2024Pretrained Event Classification Model for High Energy Physics Analysiscited by 8
- 2026Cross-Domain Transfer with Particle Physics Foundation Models: From Jets to Neutrino Interactionscited by 3
- 2026Machine Learning Meets High-Energy Nuclear Physics: From Pattern Recognition to Physics-Integrated Discoverycited by 0
- 2026Machine Learning Meets High-Energy Nuclear Physics: From Pattern Recognition to Physics-Integrated Discovery8 Oct 2026
- 2026Cross-Domain Transfer with Particle Physics Foundation Models: From Jets to Neutrino Interactions14 Apr 2026
- 2026AI Agents Can Already Autonomously Perform Experimental High Energy Physics20 Mar 2026
- 2025Automating High Energy Physics Data Analysis with LLM-Powered Agents8 Dec 2025
- 2025A Survey of Scientific Large Language Models: From Data Foundations to Agent Frontiers28 Aug 2025
- 2025From AI for Science to Agentic Science: A Survey on Autonomous Scientific Discovery18 Aug 2025
- 2024Pretrained Event Classification Model for High Energy Physics Analysis14 Dec 2024