mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

Bidirectional Multi-Scale Implicit Neural Representations for Image Deraining

arXiv 2404.01547 ↗First posted 2 Apr 2024cs.CVcited by 54

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Abstract (arXiv)

How to effectively explore multi-scale representations of rain streaks is important for image deraining. In contrast to existing Transformer-based methods that depend mostly on single-scale rain appearance, we develop an end-to-end multi-scale Transformer that leverages the potentially useful features in various scales to facilitate high-quality image reconstruction. To better explore the common degradation representations from spatially-varying rain streaks, we incorporate intra-scale implicit neural representations based on pixel coordinates with the degraded inputs in a closed-loop design, enabling the learned features to facilitate rain removal and improve the robustness of the model in complex scenarios. To ensure richer collaborative representation from different scales, we embed a simple yet effective inter-scale bidirectional feedback operation into our multi-scale Transformer by performing coarse-to-fine and fine-to-coarse information communication. Extensive experiments demonstrate that our approach, named as NeRD-Rain, performs favorably against the state-of-the-art ones on both synthetic and real-world benchmark datasets. The source code and trained models are available at https://github.com/cschenxiang/NeRD-Rain.

Key facts. Cited by 54 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 47 of its 65 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 2 Apr 2024.

Builds on

47 of 65 references.

References · 47

  1. 2017Attention Is All You Needcited by 59,932
  2. 2020An Image is Worth 16x16 Words: Transformers for Image Recognition at Scalecited by 29,915
  3. 2016SGDR: Stochastic Gradient Descent with Warm Restartscited by 4,993
  4. 2021Mip-NeRF: A Multiscale Representation for Anti-Aliasing Neural Radiance Fieldscited by 1,957
  5. 2021Restormer: Efficient Transformer for High-Resolution Image Restorationcited by 1,618
  6. 2018Learning Implicit Fields for Generative Shape Modelingcited by 1,060
  7. 2021Multiscale Vision Transformerscited by 896
  8. 2020Pre-Trained Image Processing Transformercited by 891
  9. 2021Uformer: A General U-Shaped Transformer for Image Restorationcited by 864
  10. 2021Multi-Stage Progressive Image Restorationcited by 813
  11. 2021CrossViT: Cross-Attention Multi-Scale Vision Transformer for Image Classificationcited by 806
  12. 2020Learning Continuous Image Representation with Local Implicit Image Functioncited by 550
35 more
  1. 2020Local Implicit Grid Representations for 3D Scenescited by 372
  2. 2016Deep Joint Rain Detection and Removal from a Single Imagecited by 351
  3. 2018Scale-recurrent Network for Deep Image Deblurringcited by 332
  4. 2021Rethinking Coarse-to-Fine Approach in Single Image Deblurringcited by 324
  5. 2022MAXIM: Multi-Axis MLP for Image Processingcited by 301
  6. 2019Progressive Image Deraining Networks: A Better and Simpler Baselinecited by 271
  7. 2020Multi-Scale Progressive Fusion Network for Single Image Derainingcited by 259
  8. 2021NeRV: Neural Representations for Videoscited by 255
  9. 2018Density-aware Single Image De-raining using a Multi-stream Dense Networkcited by 248
  10. 2018Recurrent Squeeze-and-Excitation Context Aggregation Net for Single Image Derainingcited by 205
  11. 2020Focal Frequency Loss for Image Reconstruction and Synthesiscited by 204
  12. 2023Learning A Sparse Transformer Network for Effective Image Derainingcited by 204
  13. 2019Spatial Attentive Single-Image Deraining with a High Quality Real Rain Datasetcited by 192
  14. 2021Implicit Neural Representations for Image Compressioncited by 161
  15. 2021Local Texture Estimator for Implicit Representation Functioncited by 126
  16. 2020A Model-driven Deep Neural Network for Single Image Rain Removalcited by 125
  17. 2023Implicit Neural Representation for Cooperative Low-light Image Enhancementcited by 92
  18. 2021Intriguing Findings of Frequency Selection for Image Deblurringcited by 80
  19. 2018Lightweight Pyramid Networks for Image Derainingcited by 64
  20. 2021Structure-Preserving Deraining with Residue Channel Prior Guidancecited by 63
  21. 2021Unpaired Deep Image Deraining Using Dual Contrastive Learningcited by 60
  22. 2023Cascaded Local Implicit Transformer for Arbitrary-Scale Super-Resolutioncited by 51
  23. 2023FFCV: Accelerating Training by Removing Data Bottleneckscited by 49
  24. 2023Scale-Aware Modulation Meet Transformercited by 49
  25. 2022Signal Processing for Implicit Neural Representationscited by 46
  26. 2023Sparse Sampling Transformer with Uncertainty-Driven Ranking for Unified Removal of Raindrops and Rain Streakscited by 45
  27. 2023From Sky to the Ground: A Large-scale Benchmark and Simple Baseline Towards Real Rain Removalcited by 39
  28. 2023Towards Unified Deep Image Deraining: A Survey and A New Benchmarkcited by 34
  29. 2021Joint Implicit Image Function for Guided Depth Super-Resolutioncited by 31
  30. 2022MSSNet: Multi-Scale-Stage Network for Single Image Deblurringcited by 31
  31. 2022Not Just Streaks: Towards Ground Truth for Single Image Derainingcited by 31
  32. 2023SHACIRA: Scalable HAsh-grid Compression for Implicit Neural Representationscited by 31
  33. 2020Rethinking Image Deraining via Rain Streaks and Vaporscited by 24
  34. 2021Neural Image Representations for Multi-Image Fusion and Layer Separationcited by 18
  35. 2022Zero-shot Blind Image Denoising via Implicit Neural Representationscited by 12

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Cited by year (2026 to 7 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2024: 8; 2025: 32; 2026: 14.

54 papers.

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  1. 2025From Zero to Detail: Deconstructing Ultra-High-Definition Image Restoration from Progressive Spectral Perspectivecited by 22
  2. 2025NTIRE 2025 Challenge on Day and Night Raindrop Removal for Dual-Focused Images: Methods and Resultscited by 22
  3. 2025WeatherBench: A Real-World Benchmark Dataset for All-in-One Adverse Weather Image Restorationcited by 20
  4. 2024DeRainGS: Gaussian Splatting for Enhanced Scene Reconstruction in Rainy Environmentscited by 19
  5. 2024Learning A Spiking Neural Network for Efficient Image Derainingcited by 16
  6. 2025Channel Consistency Prior and Self-Reconstruction Strategy Based Unsupervised Image Derainingcited by 11
  7. 2025NTIRE 2025 Challenge on RAW Image Restoration and Super-Resolutioncited by 9
  8. 2024Re-boosting Self-Collaboration Parallel Prompt GAN for Unsupervised Image Restorationcited by 7
  9. 2025DSwinIR: Rethinking Window-based Attention for Image Restorationcited by 7
  10. 2024A Hybrid Transformer-Mamba Network for Single Image Derainingcited by 6
  11. 2025Beyond Degradation Redundancy: Contrastive Prompt Learning for All-in-One Image Restorationcited by 6
  12. 2025M2Restore: Mixture-of-Experts-based Mamba-CNN Fusion Framework for All-in-One Image Restorationcited by 6
38 more
  1. 2026Scan Clusters, Not Pixels: A Cluster-Centric Paradigm for Efficient Ultra-high-definition Image Restorationcited by 6
  2. 2024EVOS: Efficient Implicit Neural Training via EVOlutionary Selectorcited by 5
  3. 2025Rethinking Nighttime Image Deraining via Learnable Color Space Transformationcited by 5
  4. 2025Continuous Representation Methods, Theories, and Applications: An Overview and Perspectivescited by 4
  5. 2025Rethinking Rainy 3D Scene Reconstruction via Perspective Transforming and Brightness Tuningcited by 4
  6. 2025Seeing Through the Rain: Resolving High-Frequency Conflicts in Deraining and Super-Resolution via Diffusion Guidancecited by 4
  7. 2025DPMambaIR: All-in-One Image Restoration via Degradation-Aware Prompt State Space Modelcited by 3
  8. 2025Global Modeling Matters: A Fast, Lightweight and Effective Baseline for Efficient Image Restorationcited by 3
  9. 2025SmokeBench: A Real-World Dataset for Surveillance Image Desmoking in Early-Stage Fire Scenescited by 3
  10. 2025Zero-Shot Video Deraining with Video Diffusion Modelscited by 2
  11. 2026Combined Flicker-banding and Moire Removal for Screen-Captured Imagescited by 2
  12. 2026UniRain: Unified Image Deraining with RAG-based Dataset Distillation and Multi-objective Reweighted Optimizationcited by 2
  13. 2026OPERA: An Agent for Image Restoration with End-to-End Joint Planning-Execution Optimizationcited by 2
  14. 2024Dual-Path Multi-Scale Transformer for High-Quality Image Derainingcited by 1
  15. 2025Learning Dual-Domain Multi-Scale Representations for Single Image Derainingcited by 1
  16. 2025Cross Paradigm Representation and Alignment Transformer for Image Derainingcited by 1
  17. 2025CLIP-driven rain perception: Adaptive deraining with pattern-aware network routing and mask-guided cross-attentioncited by 1
  18. 2025Small Lesions-aware Bidirectional Multimodal Multiscale Fusion Network for Lung Disease Classificationcited by 1
  19. 2025WeatherCycle: Unpaired Multi-Weather Restoration via Color Space Decoupled Cycle Learningcited by 1
  20. 2025PRISM: Progressive Rain removal with Integrated State-space Modelingcited by 1
  21. 2025UHDRes: Ultra-High-Definition Image Restoration via Dual-Domain Decoupled Spectral Modulationcited by 1
  22. 2025SD-PSFNet: Sequential and Dynamic Point Spread Function Network for Image Derainingcited by 1
  23. 2026Unpaired Image Deraining Using Reward-Guided Self-Reinforcement Strategycited by 1
  24. 2024MDeRainNet: An Efficient Macro-pixel Image Rain Removal Networkcited by 0
  25. 2024Leveraging Scene Geometry and Depth Information for Robust Image Derainingcited by 0
  26. 2025Optimization of Module Transferability in Single Image Super-Resolution: Universality Assessment and Cycle Residual Blockscited by 0
  27. 2025Image Restoration via Multi-domain Learningcited by 0
  28. 2025MetaScope: Optics-Driven Neural Network for Ultra-Micro Metalens Endoscopycited by 0
  29. 2025NDLPNet: A Location-Aware Nighttime Deraining Network and a Real-World Benchmark Datasetcited by 0
  30. 2025MdaIF: Robust One-Stop Multi-Degradation-Aware Image Fusion with Language-Driven Semanticscited by 0
  31. 2025Learning Implicit Neural Degradation Representation for Unpaired Image Dehazingcited by 0
  32. 2025Semantics and Content Matter: Towards Multi-Prior Hierarchical Mamba for Image Derainingcited by 0
  33. 2025DeepRFTv2: Kernel-level Learning for Image Deblurringcited by 0
  34. 2026Parameter-Minimal Neural DE Solvers via Horner Polynomialscited by 0
  35. 2026HG-Lane: High-Fidelity Generation of Lane Scenes under Adverse Weather and Lighting Conditions without Re-annotationcited by 0
  36. 2026Derain-Agent: A Plug-and-Play Agent Framework for Rainy Image Restorationcited by 0
  37. 2026Cross-Scenario Deraining Adaptation with Unpaired Data: Superpixel Structural Priors and Multi-Stage Pseudo-Rain Synthesiscited by 0
  38. 2026DDTNet: Degradation Disentanglement and Transfer Network for Test-Time All-in-One De-weathering Adaptationcited by 0

50 most cited of 54 All 54 (JSON)