mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

ERD: A Framework for Improving LLM Reasoning for Cognitive Distortion Classification

arXiv 2403.14255 ↗First posted 21 Mar 2024cs.CL cs.LGcited by 14

On the map: LLM reasoning → Clinical and biomedical applications

Abstract (arXiv)

Improving the accessibility of psychotherapy with the aid of Large Language Models (LLMs) is garnering a significant attention in recent years. Recognizing cognitive distortions from the interviewee's utterances can be an essential part of psychotherapy, especially for cognitive behavioral therapy. In this paper, we propose ERD, which improves LLM-based cognitive distortion classification performance with the aid of additional modules of (1) extracting the parts related to cognitive distortion, and (2) debating the reasoning steps by multiple agents. Our experimental results on a public dataset show that ERD improves the multi-class F1 score as well as binary specificity score. Regarding the latter score, it turns out that our method is effective in debiasing the baseline method which has high false positive rate, especially when the summary of multi-agent debate is provided to LLMs.

Key facts. Cited by 14 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Placed in Clinical and biomedical applications, one of 17 directions in LLM reasoning. Builds on 14 of its 30 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 21 Mar 2024.

Builds on

14 of 30 references.

References · 14

  1. 2023Judging LLM-as-a-Judge with MT-Bench and Chatbot Arenacited by 8,393
  2. 2022PaLM: Scaling Language Modeling with Pathwayscited by 5,304
  3. 2023Tree of Thoughts: Deliberate Problem Solving with Large Language Modelscited by 3,155
  4. 2022Large Language Models Encode Clinical Knowledgecited by 1,807
  5. 2023Improving Factuality and Reasoning in Language Models through Multiagent Debatecited by 1,739
  6. 2022Program of Thoughts Prompting: Disentangling Computation from Reasoning for Numerical Reasoning Taskscited by 1,057
  7. 2023Encouraging Divergent Thinking in Large Language Models through Multi-Agent Debatecited by 995
  8. 2023Graph of Thoughts: Solving Elaborate Problems with Large Language Modelscited by 873
  9. 2023ChatEval: Towards Better LLM-based Evaluators through Multi-Agent Debatecited by 724
  10. 2023Towards Expert-Level Medical Question Answering with Large Language Modelscited by 382
  11. 2020A Computational Approach to Understanding Empathy Expressed in Text-Based Mental Health Supportcited by 182
  12. 2023Examining Inter-Consistency of Large Language Models Collaboration: An In-depth Analysis via Debatecited by 94
2 more
  1. 2023ChatCounselor: A Large Language Models for Mental Health Supportcited by 44
  2. 2023Chain of Empathy: Enhancing Empathetic Response of Large Language Models Based on Psychotherapy Modelscited by 24

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Cited by year (2026 to 7 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2024: 2; 2025: 7; 2026: 5.

14 papers.

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  1. 2025A Survey of Large Language Models in Psychotherapy: Current Landscape and Future Directionscited by 12
  2. 2025Multi-Agent Debate Strategies to Enhance Requirements Engineering with Large Language Modelscited by 8
  3. 2024Aligning Large Language Models for Enhancing Psychiatric Interviews Through Symptom Delineation and Summarization: Pilot Studycited by 7
  4. 2025LLAMADRS: Evaluating Open-Source LLMs on Real Clinical Interviews--To Reason or Not to Reason?cited by 3
  5. 2025Exploratory Study into Relations between Cognitive Distortions and Emotional Appraisalscited by 3
  6. 2025A Survey of Cognitive Distortion Detection and Classification in NLPcited by 3
  7. 2026Multi-Agent Debate Strategies: Survey, Taxonomy, and Challengescited by 3
  8. 2024A Generic Review of Integrating Artificial Intelligence in Cognitive Behavioral Therapycited by 2
  9. 2025Towards Consistent Detection of Cognitive Distortions: LLM-Based Annotation and Dataset-Agnostic Evaluationcited by 1
  10. 2025Signs of Struggle: Spotting Cognitive Distortions across Language and Registercited by 0
  11. 2026Exploring Profiles of Cognitive Distortions Associated with Mental Health Disorderscited by 0
  12. 2026Reasoning4Sciences: Bridging Reasoning Language Models to All Scientific Branchescited by 0
2 more
  1. 2026Multi-Perspective Triad Interaction Graph Neural Network for Cognitive Distortion Detectioncited by 0
  2. 2026From Pattern Recognizers to Personalized Companions: A Survey of Large Language Models in Mental Healthcited by 0

Similar, not cited

Close in wording, no citation either way

  1. 2025Multi-View Attention Multiple-Instance Learning Enhanced by LLM Reasoning for Cognitive Distortion Detection
  2. 2023Empowering Psychotherapy with Large Language Models: Cognitive Distortion Detection through Diagnosis of Thought Prompting
  3. 2025Cognitive-Mental-LLM: Evaluating Reasoning in Large Language Models for Mental Health Prediction via Online Text
  4. 2026Scalable Text-Embedding-informed Cognitive Diagnosis of Large Language Models
  5. 2025Does "Reasoning" with Large Language Models Improve Recognizing, Generating, and Reframing Unhelpful Thoughts?
  6. 2025Psyche-R1: Towards Reliable Psychological LLMs through Unified Empathy, Expertise, and Reasoning
  7. 2024Unlocking LLMs: Addressing Scarce Data and Bias Challenges in Mental Health
  8. 2026A Systematic Evaluation of Large Language Models for PTSD Severity Estimation: The Role of Contextual Knowledge and Modeling Strategies