Different Tokenization Schemes Lead to Comparable Performance in Spanish Number Agreement
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Abstract (arXiv)
The relationship between language model tokenization and performance is an open area of research. Here, we investigate how different tokenization schemes impact number agreement in Spanish plurals. We find that morphologically-aligned tokenization performs similarly to other tokenization schemes, even when induced artificially for words that would not be tokenized that way during training. We then present exploratory analyses demonstrating that language model embeddings for different plural tokenizations have similar distributions along the embedding space axis that maximally distinguishes singular and plural nouns. Our results suggest that morphologically-aligned tokenization is a viable tokenization approach, and existing models already generalize some morphological patterns to new items. However, our results indicate that morphological tokenization is not strictly required for performance.
Key facts. Cited by 5 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 12 of its 23 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 20 Mar 2024.
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12 of 23 references.
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Citing papers per year: 2024: 2; 2025: 2; 2026: 1.
5 papers.
- 2024Why do language models perform worse for morphologically complex languages?cited by 62
- 2024MAGNET: Improving the Multilingual Fairness of Language Models with Adaptive Gradient-Based Tokenizationcited by 31
- 2025Evaluating Morphological Alignment of Tokenizers in 70 Languagescited by 22
- 2025Adding LLMs to the psycholinguistic norming toolbox: A practical guide to getting the most out of human ratingscited by 3
- 2026Capacity Constraints and the Multilingual Penalty for Lexical Disambiguationcited by 0
- 2026Capacity Constraints and the Multilingual Penalty for Lexical Disambiguation4 Feb 2026
- 2025Adding LLMs to the psycholinguistic norming toolbox: A practical guide to getting the most out of human ratings17 Sep 2025
- 2025Evaluating Morphological Alignment of Tokenizers in 70 Languages8 Jul 2025
- 2024Why do language models perform worse for morphologically complex languages?21 Nov 2024
- 2024MAGNET: Improving the Multilingual Fairness of Language Models with Adaptive Gradient-Based Tokenization11 Jul 2024