FlexCap: Describe Anything in Images in Controllable Detail
On the map: Multimodal LLMs / vision-language models → VLM benchmarks and visual reasoning
Abstract (arXiv)
We introduce FlexCap, a vision-language model that generates region-specific descriptions of varying lengths. FlexCap is trained to produce length-conditioned captions for input boxes, enabling control over information density, with descriptions ranging from concise object labels to detailed captions. To achieve this, we create large-scale training datasets of image region descriptions with varying lengths from captioned web images. We demonstrate FlexCap's effectiveness in several applications: first, it achieves strong performance in dense captioning tasks on the Visual Genome dataset. Second, we show how FlexCap's localized descriptions can serve as input to a large language model to create a visual question answering (VQA) system, achieving state-of-the-art zero-shot performance on multiple VQA benchmarks. Our experiments illustrate FlexCap's utility for tasks including image labeling, object attribute recognition, and visual dialog. Project webpage: https://flex-cap.github.io .
Key facts. Cited by 7 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Placed in VLM benchmarks and visual reasoning, one of 16 directions in Multimodal LLMs / vision-language models. Builds on 48 of its 59 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 18 Mar 2024.
Builds on
48 of 59 references.
Closest ancestors · 6
Same direction, newest first
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- 2022Flamingo: a Visual Language Model for Few-Shot Learning29 Apr
- 2022BLIP: Bootstrapping Language-Image Pre-training for Unified Vision-Language Understanding and Generation28 Jan
- 2021VLMo: Unified Vision-Language Pre-Training with Mixture-of-Modality-Experts3 Nov
- 2021SimVLM: Simple Visual Language Model Pretraining with Weak Supervision24 Aug
Other references · 42
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- 2023Visual Instruction Tuningcited by 7,792
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- 2023InstructBLIP: Towards General-purpose Vision-Language Models with Instruction Tuningcited by 2,855
- 2016Visual Genome: Connecting Language and Vision Using Crowdsourced Dense Image Annotationscited by 2,646
- 2016Making the V in VQA Matter: Elevating the Role of Image Understanding in Visual Question Answeringcited by 2,498
30 more
- 2015VQA: Visual Question Answeringcited by 2,489
- 2023PaLM-E: An Embodied Multimodal Language Modelcited by 2,037
- 2019LXMERT: Learning Cross-Modality Encoder Representations from Transformerscited by 1,548
- 2023PaLM 2 Technical Reportcited by 1,154
- 2019OK-VQA: A Visual Question Answering Benchmark Requiring External Knowledgecited by 1,114
- 2021Open-vocabulary Object Detection via Vision and Language Knowledge Distillationcited by 903
- 2018VizWiz Grand Challenge: Answering Visual Questions from Blind Peoplecited by 852
- 2022PaLI: A Jointly-Scaled Multilingual Language-Image Modelcited by 762
- 2021RegionCLIP: Region-based Language-Image Pretrainingcited by 612
- 2023ViperGPT: Visual Inference via Python Execution for Reasoningcited by 591
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- 2016Visual Dialogcited by 377
- 2023Scaling Open-Vocabulary Object Detectioncited by 335
- 2021An Empirical Study of GPT-3 for Few-Shot Knowledge-Based VQAcited by 298
- 2015DenseCap: Fully Convolutional Localization Networks for Dense Captioningcited by 176
- 2021ZeroCap: Zero-Shot Image-to-Text Generation for Visual-Semantic Arithmeticcited by 150
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- 2023The All-Seeing Project: Towards Panoptic Visual Recognition and Understanding of the Open Worldcited by 114
- 2019Learning by Abstraction: The Neural State Machinecited by 113
- 2021A Good Prompt Is Worth Millions of Parameters: Low-resource Prompt-based Learning for Vision-Language Modelscited by 101
- 2023Caption Anything: Interactive Image Description with Diverse Multimodal Controlscited by 98
- 2023Getting ViT in Shape: Scaling Laws for Compute-Optimal Model Designcited by 87
- 2019GQA: A New Dataset for Real-World Visual Reasoning and Compositional Question Answeringcited by 77
- 2019Language-Conditioned Graph Networks for Relational Reasoningcited by 55
- 2016Dense Captioning with Joint Inference and Visual Contextcited by 40
- 2020Length-Controllable Image Captioningcited by 36
- 2019Dense Relational Captioning: Triple-Stream Networks for Relationship-Based Captioningcited by 35
- 2019Context and Attribute Grounded Dense Captioningcited by 31
- 2021Coarse-to-Fine Reasoning for Visual Question Answeringcited by 25
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Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2024: 3; 2025: 3; 2026: 1.
7 papers.
- 2024LocCa: Visual Pretraining with Location-aware Captionerscited by 35
- 2025CaptionSmiths: Flexibly Controlling Language Pattern in Image Captioningcited by 5
- 2025AnyCap Project: A Unified Framework, Dataset, and Benchmark for Controllable Omni-modal Captioningcited by 5
- 2024It's Just Another Day: Unique Video Captioning by Discriminative Promptingcited by 3
- 2024Detailed Object Description with Controllable Dimensionscited by 3
- 2025One Patch to Caption Them All: A Unified Zero-Shot Captioning Frameworkcited by 2
- 2026From Structure to Synergy: A Survey of Vision-Language Perception Paradigm Evolution in Multimodal Large Language Modelscited by 0
- 2026From Structure to Synergy: A Survey of Vision-Language Perception Paradigm Evolution in Multimodal Large Language Models24 Jun 2026
- 2025One Patch to Caption Them All: A Unified Zero-Shot Captioning Framework3 Oct 2025
- 2025AnyCap Project: A Unified Framework, Dataset, and Benchmark for Controllable Omni-modal Captioning17 Jul 2025
- 2025CaptionSmiths: Flexibly Controlling Language Pattern in Image Captioning2 Jul 2025
- 2024Detailed Object Description with Controllable Dimensions28 Nov 2024
- 2024It's Just Another Day: Unique Video Captioning by Discriminative Prompting15 Oct 2024
- 2024LocCa: Visual Pretraining with Location-aware Captioners28 Mar 2024
Similar, not cited
Close in wording, no citation either way
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- 2022PromptCap: Prompt-Guided Task-Aware Image Captioning
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- 2023Re-ViLM: Retrieval-Augmented Visual Language Model for Zero and Few-Shot Image Captioning
- 2023EVCap: Retrieval-Augmented Image Captioning with External Visual-Name Memory for Open-World Comprehension
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