mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

FlexCap: Describe Anything in Images in Controllable Detail

arXiv 2403.12026 ↗First posted 18 Mar 2024cs.CV cs.AI cs.CLcited by 7

On the map: Multimodal LLMs / vision-language models → VLM benchmarks and visual reasoning

Abstract (arXiv)

We introduce FlexCap, a vision-language model that generates region-specific descriptions of varying lengths. FlexCap is trained to produce length-conditioned captions for input boxes, enabling control over information density, with descriptions ranging from concise object labels to detailed captions. To achieve this, we create large-scale training datasets of image region descriptions with varying lengths from captioned web images. We demonstrate FlexCap's effectiveness in several applications: first, it achieves strong performance in dense captioning tasks on the Visual Genome dataset. Second, we show how FlexCap's localized descriptions can serve as input to a large language model to create a visual question answering (VQA) system, achieving state-of-the-art zero-shot performance on multiple VQA benchmarks. Our experiments illustrate FlexCap's utility for tasks including image labeling, object attribute recognition, and visual dialog. Project webpage: https://flex-cap.github.io .

Key facts. Cited by 7 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Placed in VLM benchmarks and visual reasoning, one of 16 directions in Multimodal LLMs / vision-language models. Builds on 48 of its 59 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 18 Mar 2024.

Builds on

48 of 59 references.

Closest ancestors · 6

Same direction, newest first

  1. 2023Ferret: Refer and Ground Anything Anywhere at Any Granularity11 Oct
  2. 2023Kosmos-2: Grounding Multimodal Large Language Models to the World26 Jun
  3. 2022Flamingo: a Visual Language Model for Few-Shot Learning29 Apr
  4. 2022BLIP: Bootstrapping Language-Image Pre-training for Unified Vision-Language Understanding and Generation28 Jan
  5. 2021VLMo: Unified Vision-Language Pre-Training with Mixture-of-Modality-Experts3 Nov
  6. 2021SimVLM: Simple Visual Language Model Pretraining with Weak Supervision24 Aug

Other references · 42

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30 more
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Built on by

Cited by year (2026 to 7 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2024: 3; 2025: 3; 2026: 1.

7 papers.

Similar, not cited

Close in wording, no citation either way

  1. 2025Describe Anything Model for Visual Question Answering on Text-rich Images
  2. 2022PromptCap: Prompt-Guided Task-Aware Image Captioning
  3. 2024Enhancing Visual Question Answering through Question-Driven Image Captions as Prompts
  4. 2025SCRA-VQA: Summarized Caption-Rerank for Augmented Large Language Models in Visual Question Answering
  5. 2023Re-ViLM: Retrieval-Augmented Visual Language Model for Zero and Few-Shot Image Captioning
  6. 2023EVCap: Retrieval-Augmented Image Captioning with External Visual-Name Memory for Open-World Comprehension
  7. 2023FuseCap: Leveraging Large Language Models for Enriched Fused Image Captions
  8. 2023Enhancing Vision-Language Pre-Training with Jointly Learned Questioner and Dense Captioner