mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

From Summary to Action: Enhancing Large Language Models for Complex Tasks with Open World APIs

arXiv 2402.18157 ↗First posted 28 Feb 2024cs.AI cs.CL cs.CVcited by 8

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Abstract (arXiv)

The distinction between humans and animals lies in the unique ability of humans to use and create tools. Tools empower humans to overcome physiological limitations, fostering the creation of magnificent civilizations. Similarly, enabling foundational models like Large Language Models (LLMs) with the capacity to learn external tool usage may serve as a pivotal step toward realizing artificial general intelligence. Previous studies in this field have predominantly pursued two distinct approaches to augment the tool invocation capabilities of LLMs. The first approach emphasizes the construction of relevant datasets for model fine-tuning. The second approach, in contrast, aims to fully exploit the inherent reasoning abilities of LLMs through in-context learning strategies. In this work, we introduce a novel tool invocation pipeline designed to control massive real-world APIs. This pipeline mirrors the human task-solving process, addressing complicated real-life user queries. At each step, we guide LLMs to summarize the achieved results and determine the next course of action. We term this pipeline `from Summary to action', Sum2Act for short. Empirical evaluations of our Sum2Act pipeline on the ToolBench benchmark show significant performance improvements, outperforming established methods like ReAct and DFSDT. This highlights Sum2Act's effectiveness in enhancing LLMs for complex real-world tasks.

Key facts. Cited by 8 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 31 of its 36 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 28 Feb 2024.

Builds on

31 of 36 references.

References · 31

  1. 2021High-Resolution Image Synthesis with Latent Diffusion Modelscited by 18,694
  2. 2019Exploring the Limits of Transfer Learning with a Unified Text-to-Text Transformercited by 14,491
  3. 2023LLaMA: Open and Efficient Foundation Language Modelscited by 13,958
  4. 2022Chain-of-Thought Prompting Elicits Reasoning in Large Language Modelscited by 12,302
  5. 2022ReAct: Synergizing Reasoning and Acting in Language Modelscited by 8,355
  6. 2023Segment Anythingcited by 8,158
  7. 2023Visual Instruction Tuningcited by 7,792
  8. 2023BLIP-2: Bootstrapping Language-Image Pre-training with Frozen Image Encoders and Large Language Modelscited by 6,069
  9. 2023Adding Conditional Control to Text-to-Image Diffusion Modelscited by 5,466
  10. 2022Flamingo: a Visual Language Model for Few-Shot Learningcited by 4,337
  11. 2022Large Language Models are Zero-Shot Reasonerscited by 4,323
  12. 2022BLIP: Bootstrapping Language-Image Pre-training for Unified Vision-Language Understanding and Generationcited by 4,310
19 more
  1. 2023SDXL: Improving Latent Diffusion Models for High-Resolution Image Synthesiscited by 4,290
  2. 2023Toolformer: Language Models Can Teach Themselves to Use Toolscited by 4,072
  3. 2023Grounding DINO: Marrying DINO with Grounded Pre-Training for Open-Set Object Detectioncited by 3,274
  4. 2023Tree of Thoughts: Deliberate Problem Solving with Large Language Modelscited by 3,155
  5. 2023MiniGPT-4: Enhancing Vision-Language Understanding with Advanced Large Language Modelscited by 2,689
  6. 2022InstructPix2Pix: Learning to Follow Image Editing Instructionscited by 2,591
  7. 2023ToolLLM: Facilitating Large Language Models to Master 16000+ Real-world APIscited by 1,880
  8. 2023Gorilla: Large Language Model Connected with Massive APIscited by 1,302
  9. 2023HuggingGPT: Solving AI Tasks with ChatGPT and its Friends in Hugging Facecited by 1,173
  10. 2023mPLUG-Owl: Modularization Empowers Large Language Models with Multimodalitycited by 1,038
  11. 2022Automatic Chain of Thought Prompting in Large Language Modelscited by 684
  12. 2023Visual ChatGPT: Talking, Drawing and Editing with Visual Foundation Modelscited by 659
  13. 2021Multimodal Few-Shot Learning with Frozen Language Modelscited by 657
  14. 2023MM-REACT: Prompting ChatGPT for Multimodal Reasoning and Actioncited by 511
  15. 2022Visual Programming: Compositional visual reasoning without trainingcited by 507
  16. 2023ToolAlpaca: Generalized Tool Learning for Language Models with 3000 Simulated Casescited by 383
  17. 2023ToolkenGPT: Augmenting Frozen Language Models with Massive Tools via Tool Embeddingscited by 238
  18. 2021VisualGPT: Data-efficient Adaptation of Pretrained Language Models for Image Captioningcited by 190
  19. 2023ControlLLM: Augment Language Models with Tools by Searching on Graphscited by 59

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Citing papers per year: 2024: 4; 2025: 4.

8 papers.

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  1. 2024LLM With Tools: A Survey
  2. 2024ShortcutsBench: A Large-Scale Real-world Benchmark for API-based Agents
  3. 2024ToolEyes: Fine-Grained Evaluation for Tool Learning Capabilities of Large Language Models in Real-world Scenarios
  4. 2026ToolOmni: Enabling Open-World Tool Use via Agentic learning with Proactive Retrieval and Grounded Execution
  5. 2025From Language to Action: A Review of Large Language Models as Autonomous Agents and Tool Users
  6. 2024Small LLMs Are Weak Tool Learners: A Multi-LLM Agent
  7. 2026OpaqueToolsBench: Learning Nuances of Tool Behavior Through Interaction
  8. 2023Toolink: Linking Toolkit Creation and Using through Chain-of-Solving on Open-Source Model