Symmetry-aware Reinforcement Learning for Robotic Assembly under Partial Observability with a Soft Wrist
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Abstract (arXiv)
This study tackles the representative yet challenging contact-rich peg-in-hole task of robotic assembly, using a soft wrist that can operate more safely and tolerate lower-frequency control signals than a rigid one. Previous studies often use a fully observable formulation, requiring external setups or estimators for the peg-to-hole pose. In contrast, we use a partially observable formulation and deep reinforcement learning from demonstrations to learn a memory-based agent that acts purely on haptic and proprioceptive signals. Moreover, previous works do not incorporate potential domain symmetry and thus must search for solutions in a bigger space. Instead, we propose to leverage the symmetry for sample efficiency by augmenting the training data and constructing auxiliary losses to force the agent to adhere to the symmetry. Results in simulation with five different symmetric peg shapes show that our proposed agent can be comparable to or even outperform a state-based agent. In particular, the sample efficiency also allows us to learn directly on the real robot within 3 hours.
Key facts. Cited by 7 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 19 of its 43 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 28 Feb 2024.
Builds on
19 of 43 references.
References · 19
- 2018Soft Actor-Critic: Off-Policy Maximum Entropy Deep Reinforcement Learning with a Stochastic Actorcited by 4,635
- 2020robosuite: A Modular Simulation Framework and Benchmark for Robot Learningcited by 484
- 2019General E(2)-Equivariant Steerable CNNscited by 441
- 2018Making Sense of Vision and Touch: Self-Supervised Learning of Multimodal Representations for Contact-Rich Taskscited by 150
- 2020MDP Homomorphic Networks: Group Symmetries in Reinforcement Learningcited by 133
- 2021Recurrent Model-Free RL Can Be a Strong Baseline for Many POMDPscited by 115
- 2022SO(2)-Equivariant Reinforcement Learningcited by 79
- 2022Sample Efficient Grasp Learning Using Equivariant Modelscited by 52
- 2022The Surprising Effectiveness of Equivariant Models in Domains with Latent Symmetrycited by 32
- 2020Variable Compliance Control for Robotic Peg-in-Hole Assembly: A Deep Reinforcement Learning Approachcited by 25
- 2023A General Theory of Correct, Incorrect, and Extrinsic Equivariancecited by 18
- 2022Leveraging Fully Observable Policies for Learning under Partial Observabilitycited by 17
7 more
- 2019Compare Contact Model-based Control and Contact Model-free Learning: A Survey of Robotic Peg-in-hole Assembly Strategiescited by 13
- 2020Belief-Grounded Networks for Accelerated Robot Learning under Partial Observabilitycited by 9
- 2018Nonlinear System Identification of Soft Robot Dynamics Using Koopman Operator Theorycited by 7
- 2019Transferable Force-Torque Dynamics Model for Peg-in-hole Taskcited by 6
- 2023Zero-Shot Transfer of Haptics-Based Object Insertion Policiescited by 2
- 2022Sample Efficient Dynamics Learning for Symmetrical Legged Robots:Leveraging Physics Invariance and Geometric Symmetriescited by 1
- 2023Compliant finray-effect gripper for high-speed robotic assembly of electrical componentscited by 1
Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2024: 3; 2025: 2; 2026: 2.
7 papers.
- 2024Equivariant Diffusion Policycited by 61
- 2024MATCH POLICY: A Simple Pipeline from Point Cloud Registration to Manipulation Policiescited by 6
- 2025Constraint-Preserving Data Generation for Visuomotor Policy Learningcited by 6
- 2025A Practical Guide for Incorporating Symmetry in Diffusion Policycited by 4
- 2024Equivariant Ensembles and Regularization for Reinforcement Learning in Map-based Path Planningcited by 3
- 2026Pix2Act: Image-Space Manipulation Policies with Equivariant Augmentationcited by 0
- 2026Harnessing human expertise for high-precision robotic assembly in industrialized construction: A sample-efficient installer-in-the-loop interactive reinforcement learning frameworkcited by 0
- 2026Harnessing human expertise for high-precision robotic assembly in industrialized construction: A sample-efficient installer-in-the-loop interactive reinforcement learning framework2 Sep 2026
- 2026Pix2Act: Image-Space Manipulation Policies with Equivariant Augmentation13 Jul 2026
- 2025Constraint-Preserving Data Generation for Visuomotor Policy Learning5 Aug 2025
- 2025A Practical Guide for Incorporating Symmetry in Diffusion Policy19 May 2025
- 2024MATCH POLICY: A Simple Pipeline from Point Cloud Registration to Manipulation Policies23 Sep 2024
- 2024Equivariant Diffusion Policy1 Jul 2024
- 2024Equivariant Ensembles and Regularization for Reinforcement Learning in Map-based Path Planning19 Mar 2024
Similar, not cited
Close in wording, no citation either way
- 2021Imitation and Supervised Learning of Compliance for Robotic Assembly
- 2026SI-Diff: A Framework for Learning Search and High-Precision Insertion with a Force-Domain Diffusion Policy
- 2026PHASE: Compliance-Enabled Tactile Phase Retrieval for Few-Shot Insertion Learning ↗
- 2025VT-Refine: Learning Bimanual Assembly with Visuo-Tactile Feedback via Simulation Fine-Tuning
- 2020Understanding Multi-Modal Perception Using Behavioral Cloning for Peg-In-a-Hole Insertion Tasks
- 2026EquiBim: Learning Symmetry-Equivariant Policy for Bimanual Manipulation
- 2025KineSoft: Learning Proprioceptive Manipulation Policies with Soft Robot Hands
- 2025Towards Forceful Robotic Foundation Models: a Literature Survey