Transductive Active Learning: Theory and Applications
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Abstract (arXiv)
We study a generalization of classical active learning to real-world settings with concrete prediction targets where sampling is restricted to an accessible region of the domain, while prediction targets may lie outside this region. We analyze a family of decision rules that sample adaptively to minimize uncertainty about prediction targets. We are the first to show, under general regularity assumptions, that such decision rules converge uniformly to the smallest possible uncertainty obtainable from the accessible data. We demonstrate their strong sample efficiency in two key applications: active fine-tuning of large neural networks and safe Bayesian optimization, where they achieve state-of-the-art performance.
Key facts. Cited by 22 papers in the map (data through 13 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 13 Feb 2024.
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Citing papers per year: 2024: 2; 2025: 13; 2026: 7.
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- 2024Post-hoc Probabilistic Vision-Language Modelscited by 13
- 2025DISCOVER: Automated Curricula for Sparse-Reward Reinforcement Learningcited by 12
- 2025Local Mixtures of Experts: Essentially Free Test-Time Training via Model Mergingcited by 9
- 2025Learning on the Job: Test-Time Curricula for Targeted Reinforcement Learningcited by 9
- 2024Active Fine-Tuning of Multi-Task Policiescited by 8
- 2025Test-time Offline Reinforcement Learning on Goal-related Experiencecited by 8
- 2025Epistemically-guided forward-backward explorationcited by 6
- 2025Specialization after Generalization: Towards Understanding Test-Time Training in Foundation Modelscited by 5
- 2025LITE: Efficiently Estimating Gaussian Probability of Maximalitycited by 3
- 2025Distributionally Robust Active Learning for Gaussian Process Regressioncited by 3
- 2025Causal-EPIG: A Prediction-Oriented Active Learning Framework for CATE Estimationcited by 2
- 2026Loss-Driven Bayesian Active Learningcited by 2
10 more
- 2025ActiveCQ: Active Estimation of Causal Quantitiescited by 1
- 2026Observationally Informed Adaptive Causal Experimental Designcited by 1
- 2025Simulation Priors for Data-Efficient Deep Learningcited by 0
- 2025Boosting Active Learning with Knowledge Transfercited by 0
- 2025Calibrated Uncertainty Sampling for Active Learningcited by 0
- 2026Active Learning for Gaussian Process Regression Under Self-Induced Boltzmann Weightscited by 0
- 2026Sampling-Based Safe Reinforcement Learningcited by 0
- 2026Joint Model and Data Sparsification via the Marginal Likelihoodcited by 0
- 2026Learning to Extrapolate to New Tasks: A Relational Approach to Task Extrapolationcited by 0
- 2026ShaplEIG: Bayesian Experimental Design for Shapley Value Estimationcited by 0
- 2026ShaplEIG: Bayesian Experimental Design for Shapley Value Estimation1 Jun 2026
- 2026Learning to Extrapolate to New Tasks: A Relational Approach to Task Extrapolation28 May 2026
- 2026Joint Model and Data Sparsification via the Marginal Likelihood28 May 2026
- 2026Sampling-Based Safe Reinforcement Learning19 May 2026
- 2026Active Learning for Gaussian Process Regression Under Self-Induced Boltzmann Weights11 May 2026
- 2026Loss-Driven Bayesian Active Learning13 Apr 2026
- 2026Observationally Informed Adaptive Causal Experimental Design4 Mar 2026
- 2025Learning on the Job: Test-Time Curricula for Targeted Reinforcement Learning6 Oct 2025
- 2025Calibrated Uncertainty Sampling for Active Learning3 Oct 2025
- 2025Specialization after Generalization: Towards Understanding Test-Time Training in Foundation Models29 Sep 2025
- 2025ActiveCQ: Active Estimation of Causal Quantities29 Sep 2025
- 2025Causal-EPIG: A Prediction-Oriented Active Learning Framework for CATE Estimation26 Sep 2025
10 more
- 2025Boosting Active Learning with Knowledge Transfer19 Sep 2025
- 2025Simulation Priors for Data-Efficient Deep Learning6 Sep 2025
- 2025Test-time Offline Reinforcement Learning on Goal-related Experience24 Jul 2025
- 2025Epistemically-guided forward-backward exploration7 Jul 2025
- 2025DISCOVER: Automated Curricula for Sparse-Reward Reinforcement Learning26 May 2025
- 2025Local Mixtures of Experts: Essentially Free Test-Time Training via Model Merging20 May 2025
- 2025Distributionally Robust Active Learning for Gaussian Process Regression24 Feb 2025
- 2025LITE: Efficiently Estimating Gaussian Probability of Maximality23 Jan 2025
- 2024Post-hoc Probabilistic Vision-Language Models8 Dec 2024
- 2024Active Fine-Tuning of Multi-Task Policies7 Oct 2024
- 2024Active Fine-Tuning of Multi-Task Policiescited by 8
- 2025Test-time Offline Reinforcement Learning on Goal-related Experiencecited by 8
- 2025Test-time Offline Reinforcement Learning on Goal-related Experience24 Jul 2025
- 2024Active Fine-Tuning of Multi-Task Policies7 Oct 2024
- 2024Post-hoc Probabilistic Vision-Language Modelscited by 13
- 2024Post-hoc Probabilistic Vision-Language Models8 Dec 2024
- 2025Specialization after Generalization: Towards Understanding Test-Time Training in Foundation Modelscited by 5
- 2025LITE: Efficiently Estimating Gaussian Probability of Maximalitycited by 3
- 2025Distributionally Robust Active Learning for Gaussian Process Regressioncited by 3
- 2025Causal-EPIG: A Prediction-Oriented Active Learning Framework for CATE Estimationcited by 2
- 2026Loss-Driven Bayesian Active Learningcited by 2
- 2025ActiveCQ: Active Estimation of Causal Quantitiescited by 1
- 2026Observationally Informed Adaptive Causal Experimental Designcited by 1
- 2025Simulation Priors for Data-Efficient Deep Learningcited by 0
- 2025Boosting Active Learning with Knowledge Transfercited by 0
- 2025Calibrated Uncertainty Sampling for Active Learningcited by 0
- 2026Active Learning for Gaussian Process Regression Under Self-Induced Boltzmann Weightscited by 0
- 2026Joint Model and Data Sparsification via the Marginal Likelihoodcited by 0
12 most cited of 14 All 14 (JSON)
- 2026ShaplEIG: Bayesian Experimental Design for Shapley Value Estimation1 Jun 2026
- 2026Learning to Extrapolate to New Tasks: A Relational Approach to Task Extrapolation28 May 2026
- 2026Joint Model and Data Sparsification via the Marginal Likelihood28 May 2026
- 2026Active Learning for Gaussian Process Regression Under Self-Induced Boltzmann Weights11 May 2026
- 2026Loss-Driven Bayesian Active Learning13 Apr 2026
- 2026Observationally Informed Adaptive Causal Experimental Design4 Mar 2026
- 2025Calibrated Uncertainty Sampling for Active Learning3 Oct 2025
- 2025Specialization after Generalization: Towards Understanding Test-Time Training in Foundation Models29 Sep 2025
- 2025ActiveCQ: Active Estimation of Causal Quantities29 Sep 2025
- 2025Causal-EPIG: A Prediction-Oriented Active Learning Framework for CATE Estimation26 Sep 2025
- 2025Boosting Active Learning with Knowledge Transfer19 Sep 2025
- 2025Simulation Priors for Data-Efficient Deep Learning6 Sep 2025
12 newest of 14 All 14 (JSON)