Towards Faithful and Robust LLM Specialists for Evidence-Based Question-Answering
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Abstract (arXiv)
Advances towards more faithful and traceable answers of Large Language Models (LLMs) are crucial for various research and practical endeavors. One avenue in reaching this goal is basing the answers on reliable sources. However, this Evidence-Based QA has proven to work insufficiently with LLMs in terms of citing the correct sources (source quality) and truthfully representing the information within sources (answer attributability). In this work, we systematically investigate how to robustly fine-tune LLMs for better source quality and answer attributability. Specifically, we introduce a data generation pipeline with automated data quality filters, which can synthesize diversified high-quality training and testing data at scale. We further introduce four test sets to benchmark the robustness of fine-tuned specialist models. Extensive evaluation shows that fine-tuning on synthetic data improves performance on both in- and out-of-distribution. Furthermore, we show that data quality, which can be drastically improved by proposed quality filters, matters more than quantity in improving Evidence-Based QA.
Key facts. Cited by 11 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 22 of its 48 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 13 Feb 2024.
Builds on
22 of 48 references.
References · 22
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10 more
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Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2024: 4; 2025: 6; 2026: 1.
11 papers.
- 2024LongCite: Enabling LLMs to Generate Fine-grained Citations in Long-context QAcited by 81
- 2024How Susceptible are LLMs to Influence in Prompts?cited by 33
- 2024Source2Synth: Synthetic Data Generation and Curation Grounded in Real Data Sourcescited by 28
- 2025Refining Input Guardrails: Enhancing LLM-as-a-Judge Efficiency Through Chain-of-Thought Fine-Tuning and Alignmentcited by 14
- 2025Translate Policy to Language: Flow Matching Generated Rewards for LLM Explanationscited by 6
- 2025HIRAG: Hierarchical-Thought Instruction-Tuning Retrieval-Augmented Generationcited by 6
- 2024FISHNET: Financial Intelligence from Sub-querying, Harmonizing, Neural-Conditioning, Expert Swarms, and Task Planningcited by 5
- 2025Large Language Models as Search Engines: Societal Challengescited by 3
- 2026Plan-MCTS: Plan Exploration for Action Exploitation in Web Navigationcited by 2
- 2025HypoChainer: A Collaborative System Combining LLMs and Knowledge Graphs for Hypothesis-Driven Scientific Discoverycited by 1
- 2025Call2Instruct: Automated Pipeline for Generating Q&A Datasets from Call Center Recordings for LLM Fine-Tuningcited by 0
- 2026Plan-MCTS: Plan Exploration for Action Exploitation in Web Navigation15 Feb 2026
- 2025Call2Instruct: Automated Pipeline for Generating Q&A Datasets from Call Center Recordings for LLM Fine-Tuning1 Dec 2025
- 2025Large Language Models as Search Engines: Societal Challenges24 Nov 2025
- 2025HypoChainer: A Collaborative System Combining LLMs and Knowledge Graphs for Hypothesis-Driven Scientific Discovery23 Jul 2025
- 2025HIRAG: Hierarchical-Thought Instruction-Tuning Retrieval-Augmented Generation8 Jul 2025
- 2025Translate Policy to Language: Flow Matching Generated Rewards for LLM Explanations18 Feb 2025
- 2025Refining Input Guardrails: Enhancing LLM-as-a-Judge Efficiency Through Chain-of-Thought Fine-Tuning and Alignment22 Jan 2025
- 2024FISHNET: Financial Intelligence from Sub-querying, Harmonizing, Neural-Conditioning, Expert Swarms, and Task Planning25 Oct 2024
- 2024Source2Synth: Synthetic Data Generation and Curation Grounded in Real Data Sources12 Sep 2024
- 2024LongCite: Enabling LLMs to Generate Fine-grained Citations in Long-context QA4 Sep 2024
- 2024How Susceptible are LLMs to Influence in Prompts?17 Aug 2024