mlsanityData to 14 Oct 2026

Embedding Attack Project (Work Report)

arXiv 2401.13854 ↗First posted 24 Jan 2024cs.LG cs.CRcited by 1

On the map: LLM safety and security → Membership inference attacks

Abstract (arXiv)

This report summarizes all the MIA experiments (Membership Inference Attacks) of the Embedding Attack Project, including threat models, experimental setup, experimental results, findings and discussion. Current results cover the evaluation of two main MIA strategies (loss-based and embedding-based MIAs) on 6 AI models ranging from Computer Vision to Language Modelling. There are two ongoing experiments on MIA defense and neighborhood-comparison embedding attacks. These are ongoing projects. The current work on MIA and PIA can be summarized into six conclusions: (1) Amount of overfitting is directly proportional to model's vulnerability; (2) early embedding layers in the model are less susceptible to privacy leaks; (3) Deeper model layers contain more membership information; (4) Models are more vulnerable to MIA if both embeddings and corresponding training labels are compromised; (5) it is possible to use pseudo-labels to increase the MIA success; and (6) although MIA and PIA success rates are proportional, reducing the MIA does not necessarily reduce the PIA.

Key facts. Cited by 1 paper in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Placed in Membership inference attacks, one of 12 directions in LLM safety and security. Builds on 3 of its 3 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 24 Jan 2024.

Builds on

3 of 3 references.

Closest ancestors · 1

Same direction, newest first

  1. 2023Membership Inference Attacks against Language Models via Neighbourhood Comparison29 May

Other references · 2

  1. 2016Deep Learning with Differential Privacycited by 2,728
  2. 2019Be Your Own Teacher: Improve the Performance of Convolutional Neural Networks via Self Distillationcited by 497

Built on by

Cited by year (2026 to 14 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2026: 1.

1 paper.

Similar, not cited

Close in wording, no citation either way

  1. 2024Scaling Up Membership Inference: When and How Attacks Succeed on Large Language Models
  2. 2023Practical Membership Inference Attacks Against Large-Scale Multi-Modal Models: A Pilot Study
  3. 2026Mitigating Membership Inference in Intermediate Representations with Differentially Private Training
  4. 2021Membership Inference Attacks on Machine Learning: A Survey
  5. 2024Do Membership Inference Attacks Work on Large Language Models?
  6. 2025Membership Inference Attacks Beyond Overfitting
  7. 2026On Reliability of Membership Inference Vulnerability Evaluation
  8. 2021To Trust or Not To Trust Prediction Scores for Membership Inference Attacks