Estimating the Usefulness of Clarifying Questions and Answers for Conversational Search
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Abstract (arXiv)
While the body of research directed towards constructing and generating clarifying questions in mixed-initiative conversational search systems is vast, research aimed at processing and comprehending users' answers to such questions is scarce. To this end, we present a simple yet effective method for processing answers to clarifying questions, moving away from previous work that simply appends answers to the original query and thus potentially degrades retrieval performance. Specifically, we propose a classifier for assessing usefulness of the prompted clarifying question and an answer given by the user. Useful questions or answers are further appended to the conversation history and passed to a transformer-based query rewriting module. Results demonstrate significant improvements over strong non-mixed-initiative baselines. Furthermore, the proposed approach mitigates the performance drops when non useful questions and answers are utilized.
Key facts. Cited by 4 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 16 of its 24 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 21 Jan 2024.
Builds on
16 of 24 references.
References · 16
- 2019Exploring the Limits of Transfer Learning with a Unified Text-to-Text Transformercited by 14,491
- 2019Sentence-BERT: Sentence Embeddings using Siamese BERT-Networkscited by 9,049
- 2020MPNet: Masked and Permuted Pre-training for Language Understandingcited by 973
- 2020Document Ranking with a Pretrained Sequence-to-Sequence Modelcited by 373
- 2019Asking Clarifying Questions in Open-Domain Information-Seeking Conversationscited by 136
- 2018Learning to Ask Good Questions: Ranking Clarification Questions using Neural Expected Value of Perfect Informationcited by 110
- 2021The Expando-Mono-Duo Design Pattern for Text Ranking with Pretrained Sequence-to-Sequence Modelscited by 81
- 2021Few-Shot Conversational Dense Retrievalcited by 71
- 2020TREC CAsT 2019: The Conversational Assistance Track Overviewcited by 64
- 2021Building and Evaluating Open-Domain Dialogue Corpora with Clarifying Questionscited by 63
- 2021Ask what's missing and what's useful: Improving Clarification Question Generation using Global Knowledgecited by 40
- 2020Analyzing and Learning from User Interactions for Search Clarificationcited by 23
4 more
- 2019User Intent Prediction in Information-seeking Conversationscited by 19
- 2021A Comparison of Question Rewriting Methods for Conversational Passage Retrievalcited by 16
- 2020Analysing the Effect of Clarifying Questions on Document Ranking in Conversational Searchcited by 13
- 2023From Baseline to Top Performer: A Reproducibility Study of Approaches at the TREC 2021 Conversational Assistance Trackcited by 1
Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2024: 1; 2025: 1; 2026: 2.
4 papers.
- 2024A Survey of Conversational Searchcited by 22
- 2025Zero-Shot and Efficient Clarification Need Prediction in Conversational Searchcited by 4
- 2026TRACE: A Conversational Framework for Sustainable Tourism Recommendation with Agentic Counterfactual Explanationscited by 1
- 2026CIR at iKAT SCAI 2026: Exploring Clarification Need Prediction in Agentic Conversational Searchcited by 0
- 2026CIR at iKAT SCAI 2026: Exploring Clarification Need Prediction in Agentic Conversational Search22 Jul 2026
- 2026TRACE: A Conversational Framework for Sustainable Tourism Recommendation with Agentic Counterfactual Explanations14 Apr 2026
- 2025Zero-Shot and Efficient Clarification Need Prediction in Conversational Search28 Feb 2025
- 2024A Survey of Conversational Search21 Oct 2024