ECAPA2: A Hybrid Neural Network Architecture and Training Strategy for Robust Speaker Embeddings
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Abstract (arXiv)
In this paper, we present ECAPA2, a novel hybrid neural network architecture and training strategy to produce robust speaker embeddings. Most speaker verification models are based on either the 1D- or 2D-convolutional operation, often manifested as Time Delay Neural Networks or ResNets, respectively. Hybrid models are relatively unexplored without an intuitive explanation what constitutes best practices in regard to its architectural choices. We motivate the proposed ECAPA2 model in this paper with an analysis of current speaker verification architectures. In addition, we propose a training strategy which makes the speaker embeddings more robust against overlapping speech and short utterance lengths. The presented ECAPA2 architecture and training strategy attains state-of-the-art performance on the VoxCeleb1 test sets with significantly less parameters than current models. Finally, we make a pre-trained model publicly available to promote research on downstream tasks.
Key facts. Cited by 22 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 16 Jan 2024.
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Citing papers per year: 2024: 4; 2025: 9; 2026: 9.
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- 2024XTTS: a Massively Multilingual Zero-Shot Text-to-Speech Modelcited by 174
- 2024The VoicePrivacy 2024 Challenge Evaluation Plancited by 39
- 2025SALM-Duplex: Efficient and Direct Duplex Modeling for Speech-to-Speech Language Modelcited by 32
- 2025NanoCodec: Towards High-Quality Ultra Fast Speech LLM Inferencecited by 14
- 2026The Third VoicePrivacy Challenge: Preserving Emotional Expressiveness and Linguistic Content in Voice Anonymizationcited by 8
- 2025Multilingual Source Tracing of Speech Deepfakes: A First Benchmarkcited by 7
- 2025SVeritas: Benchmark for Robust Speaker Verification under Diverse Conditionscited by 6
- 2024Vibravox: A Dataset of French Speech Captured with Body-conduction Audio Sensorscited by 5
- 2024kNN Retrieval for Simple and Effective Zero-Shot Multi-speaker Text-to-Speechcited by 3
- 2025Target speaker anonymization in multi-speaker recordingscited by 1
- 2025BnTTS: Few-Shot Speaker Adaptation in Low-Resource Settingcited by 0
- 2025From Tens of Hours to Tens of Thousands: Scaling Back-Translation for Speech Recognitioncited by 0
10 more
- 2025Voice Adaptation for Swiss Germancited by 0
- 2025ProMode: A Speech Prosody Model Conditioned on Acoustic and Textual Inputscited by 0
- 2026DAME: Duration-Aware Matryoshka Embedding for Duration-Robust Speaker Verificationcited by 0
- 2026Enhancing Speaker Verification with Whispered Speech via Post-Processingcited by 0
- 2026On Low-Bit Quantization Errors in Speaker Verification: Diagnostic and Mitigationcited by 0
- 2026Kiwano: A Cutting-Edge Open-Source Toolkit for Speaker Verificationcited by 0
- 2026Large Audio Language Models for Spoofing-Aware Speaker Verificationcited by 0
- 2026Your Voice Cloning System is Secretly a Voice Anonymizercited by 0
- 2026MECT: Mixture of Experts with CNN-Transformer Network for Speaker verificationcited by 0
- 2026Learnable Classifier-Free Guidance Null Embeddings for Enhanced Controllable Speech Synthesiscited by 0
- 2026Learnable Classifier-Free Guidance Null Embeddings for Enhanced Controllable Speech Synthesis21 Sep 2026
- 2026MECT: Mixture of Experts with CNN-Transformer Network for Speaker verification21 Sep 2026
- 2026Your Voice Cloning System is Secretly a Voice Anonymizer27 Aug 2026
- 2026Large Audio Language Models for Spoofing-Aware Speaker Verification16 Jul 2026
- 2026Kiwano: A Cutting-Edge Open-Source Toolkit for Speaker Verification21 Jun 2026
- 2026On Low-Bit Quantization Errors in Speaker Verification: Diagnostic and Mitigation6 Jun 2026
- 2026Enhancing Speaker Verification with Whispered Speech via Post-Processing22 Apr 2026
- 2026DAME: Duration-Aware Matryoshka Embedding for Duration-Robust Speaker Verification20 Jan 2026
- 2026The Third VoicePrivacy Challenge: Preserving Emotional Expressiveness and Linguistic Content in Voice Anonymization17 Jan 2026
- 2025Target speaker anonymization in multi-speaker recordings10 Oct 2025
- 2025SVeritas: Benchmark for Robust Speaker Verification under Diverse Conditions21 Sep 2025
- 2025ProMode: A Speech Prosody Model Conditioned on Acoustic and Textual Inputs12 Aug 2025
10 more
- 2025NanoCodec: Towards High-Quality Ultra Fast Speech LLM Inference7 Aug 2025
- 2025Multilingual Source Tracing of Speech Deepfakes: A First Benchmark6 Aug 2025
- 2025Voice Adaptation for Swiss German28 May 2025
- 2025From Tens of Hours to Tens of Thousands: Scaling Back-Translation for Speech Recognition22 May 2025
- 2025SALM-Duplex: Efficient and Direct Duplex Modeling for Speech-to-Speech Language Model21 May 2025
- 2025BnTTS: Few-Shot Speaker Adaptation in Low-Resource Setting9 Feb 2025
- 2024kNN Retrieval for Simple and Effective Zero-Shot Multi-speaker Text-to-Speech20 Aug 2024
- 2024Vibravox: A Dataset of French Speech Captured with Body-conduction Audio Sensors16 Jul 2024
- 2024XTTS: a Massively Multilingual Zero-Shot Text-to-Speech Model7 Jun 2024
- 2024The VoicePrivacy 2024 Challenge Evaluation Plan3 Apr 2024
- 2024XTTS: a Massively Multilingual Zero-Shot Text-to-Speech Modelcited by 174
- 2024The VoicePrivacy 2024 Challenge Evaluation Plancited by 39
- 2025SALM-Duplex: Efficient and Direct Duplex Modeling for Speech-to-Speech Language Modelcited by 32
- 2025NanoCodec: Towards High-Quality Ultra Fast Speech LLM Inferencecited by 14
- 2026The Third VoicePrivacy Challenge: Preserving Emotional Expressiveness and Linguistic Content in Voice Anonymizationcited by 8
- 2025Multilingual Source Tracing of Speech Deepfakes: A First Benchmarkcited by 7
- 2025SVeritas: Benchmark for Robust Speaker Verification under Diverse Conditionscited by 6
- 2024Vibravox: A Dataset of French Speech Captured with Body-conduction Audio Sensorscited by 5
- 2024kNN Retrieval for Simple and Effective Zero-Shot Multi-speaker Text-to-Speechcited by 3
- 2025Target speaker anonymization in multi-speaker recordingscited by 1
- 2025BnTTS: Few-Shot Speaker Adaptation in Low-Resource Settingcited by 0
- 2025From Tens of Hours to Tens of Thousands: Scaling Back-Translation for Speech Recognitioncited by 0
12 most cited of 21 All 21 (JSON)
- 2026Learnable Classifier-Free Guidance Null Embeddings for Enhanced Controllable Speech Synthesis21 Sep 2026
- 2026Your Voice Cloning System is Secretly a Voice Anonymizer27 Aug 2026
- 2026Large Audio Language Models for Spoofing-Aware Speaker Verification16 Jul 2026
- 2026Kiwano: A Cutting-Edge Open-Source Toolkit for Speaker Verification21 Jun 2026
- 2026On Low-Bit Quantization Errors in Speaker Verification: Diagnostic and Mitigation6 Jun 2026
- 2026Enhancing Speaker Verification with Whispered Speech via Post-Processing22 Apr 2026
- 2026DAME: Duration-Aware Matryoshka Embedding for Duration-Robust Speaker Verification20 Jan 2026
- 2026The Third VoicePrivacy Challenge: Preserving Emotional Expressiveness and Linguistic Content in Voice Anonymization17 Jan 2026
- 2025Target speaker anonymization in multi-speaker recordings10 Oct 2025
- 2025SVeritas: Benchmark for Robust Speaker Verification under Diverse Conditions21 Sep 2025
- 2025ProMode: A Speech Prosody Model Conditioned on Acoustic and Textual Inputs12 Aug 2025
- 2025NanoCodec: Towards High-Quality Ultra Fast Speech LLM Inference7 Aug 2025
12 newest of 21 All 21 (JSON)